Transcript East Asia
East Asia
Chp 27: Physical Geography of
East Asia
Mountains
and Plateaus
Kunlan Mountains in west China
• Source of Huang He & Chang Jiang
Qinling Shandi Mountains divide northern and
southern China
Mountains and Plateaus
• Restrict movement
• Underpopulated
Kunlan Mountains
Qinling Shandi Mountains
Take Five…
Complete
620
the skill builder questions on pg.
Gobi Desert
Gobi Desert
Covers more than
500,000 square miles
The Green Wall of China
or Green Great Wall
Project to plant 2,800
miles of forest strips
across the northwest rim
of China skirting the Gobi
Desert.
Biggest ecological
projects in history.
73-years of forestation
$ 96.2 billion over the
next decade.
East Asian Peninsulas & Islands
Shangdong,
Leizhou & Macao
Korean Peninsula—North & South Korea
Hainan & Hong Kong
Japan & Taiwan
Korea & Hainan
Hainan
Hong Kong
Japan
Taiwan
Huang He (Yellow) River
Chang (Yangtze) River
Xi Jiang (West) River
Wally Points…
Why
do you think that the Huang He river
is also called China’s Sorrow?
What
are positive and negative attributes
of rivers?
Take Five…
Complete
pg. 622
the Skill Builder questions on
Natural Resources of East Asia
Minerals
(iron ore, zinc, copper, lead,
silver etc)
Land for agricultural products (rice)
Forests
Energy resources (petroleum, coal, natural
gas)
Water for crop irrigation, fishing,
hydroelectricity, and transportation
Chp 27 Section 2: Climate and
Vegetation
Subartic
Highland (western China)
Short grasses for grazing animals
Desert
Deciduous & coniferous forests
Semiarid
Coniferous forests & temperate grasslands
Humid Subtropical
Forests & alpine tundra
Humid Continental
Northern evergreen forests
Sparse vegetation
Tropical Wet
Heavy rainfall—rain forests
Take Five…
Complete
626
the Skill Builder questions on pg
Chp 27 Section 3: HumanEnvironment Interaction
Building
of the Three Gorges Dam
Where? Chiang Jiang River (3rd longest in
world)
Why? To prevent flooding & create
hydroelectricity
Positives and Negatives of the
Three Gorges Dam
Positive effects: world’s biggest dam—
600+feet high & 1 mile wide
• Provide reliable power throughout China
• Makes it easier for ships to reach the interior of
China
Negative effects:
• Wipe out 1,000+ towns & the relocation of 1 million
+ people
• Destruction of historic sites and landmarks
• Cost $75 billion
• Environmental concerns for wildlife habitats
Three Gorges Dam in 2009
Began construction in 1993 & finished
In May 2006—full generator power
By 2009
Upward in Japan…
60%
of the population live on 3% of the
land
80% of the Japanese population live in
urban areas
Challenges with redefining small spaces
Wally Points…
What
problems are associated with
urbanization?
In class activity…Trading
Spaces…boys vs girls…
Read Chp 27 pg. 630-631
Using the poster paper provided, your group
must design a Japanese style urban house. To
keep things in perspective and to small scale,
each room of the house can be no larger than 5”
x 5” & the entire width of the house can be no
larger than 14”. Each house MUST include:
bedrooms (2 min), bathrooms (2 min), kitchen,
living space. Green space is also important to
Japanese families. This house will be for 5
people.
Chp 28 Section 1: Human
Geography
China
Dynasties of Chinese families
• Shang—1st Chinese dynasty
• Zhou
• Qin—gave China its name
Shi Huangdi
• The Great Wall of China
• The terra cotta army
• Han
• Qing (Manchu—1644)
• End of the dynastic era 1911
Nomadic invaders…
The
Mongols
The Mugals
The Manchurians
The Europeans
Marco….Polo….Marco….Polo….Marco
The Great Wall of China
The Terra Cotta army
Marco Polo
13th century travels
from Venice to China
The Travels of Marco
Polo peeked interest
in the East
The Silk Road & other
Eastern Asian goods
Led to European
spheres of influence
by the early 1900’s
The Gentlemen’s Agreement & US
Key to China
The Boxer Rebellion 1900
The Nationalists take over China
WWI—WWII—China
under Sun Yat-sen &
Chiang Kai-shek was mostly isolated and
rural
Non-imperialistic
Threatened by outside invasion during
both world wars
The rape of Nanjing by Japan
Chinese nationalism threatened
The rise of communism in China
Mao Zedong 19491976
Deng Xiaping
continued strong
communist ties
through the 1980’s
Jiang Zemin & Zhu
Rongji focused on
building economy
China’s Economy
60% of all workers in China are farmers
Only 13% of the land is usable for farming
however
Collective farms—communist farms in which
farmers were told what and how much to produce
5 year plans—failures
Industrial resources of coal, iron ore and oil
located in the northeast
Chinese cities also have factories and mfg (steel
& machinery & textiles)
Shanghai is leading mfg center of China
Chinese inventions
Movable type for printing press
China’s Foot binding Practice
Confucius Says…”He who fart in
church sit in pew”
Confucianism
philosophies
and other Chinese
Confucianism
Respect
for one’s elders and ancestors
People should obey their parents and
authority figures (emperor)
Education important to a well run society
Order is important to a well run society
Daoism (Taoism)
Designed
by Lao-tzu
To restore order and balance to society
individuals should seek harmony in nature
Harmony important in the universe
Government should be as small as
possible and leave people alone
Legalism
Designed during the Han dynasty to strengthen the power of the
ruler
Fa:The law code must be clearly written and made public. All
people under the ruler were equal before the law. Laws should
reward those who obey them and punish accordingly those who
dare to break them. Thus it is guaranteed that actions taken are
systematically predictable. In addition, the system of law ran the
state, not the ruler. If the law is successfully enforced, even a
weak ruler will be strong.
Shu: Special tactics and "secrets" are to be employed by the ruler
to make sure others don't take over control of the state. Especially
important is that no one can fathom the ruler's motivations, and
thus no one can know which behavior might help them getting
ahead; except for following the laws.
Shi:It is the position of the ruler, not the ruler himself or herself,
that holds the power. Therefore, analysis of the trends, the
context, and the facts are essential for a real ruler.
In class activity—to be placed in
portfolios
Scenario:
A King has been governing China for some time,
but he is corrupt and inefficient and his control
over government and society is weak. Crime is
on the increase and rebellion is both on the
horizon internally and externally. What policy or
set of policies would each of the philosophies we
have studied (legalism, Confucianism, Daoism)
offer to solve the problem and bring prosperity to
the region? You can use a chart if you like…
China’s growing population
problem
1 in 5 of the world’s population lives in China
1.3 billion by 2000
1 child policy—beginning in 1979
Man = 22 and woman = 20 before marriage
Can only have 1 child
Male children more important traditionally than female
Strict law has led to infanticide
Rural families need more than 1 child to help on the
farm
Healthcare available to all
Both traditional & western medical assistance available
Chp 28 Section 2: Mongolia &
Taiwan
The
Mongols were Nomadic herders
until…
Genghis Khan (1206-1227)
Supreme conqueror
Conquered all of Central Asia & part of China
Succeeded by son Ogadai Khan & grandsons
China conquered Mongolia in 1600’s-1911
Mongolia became communist until fall of
U.S.S.R.
Taiwan
Many
different groups of people emigrated
here
Manchu dynasty conquered in 1683
Japan took possession in 1895 until after
WWII when forced to give it to China
Chinese nationalists exiled to Taiwan in
1949
Republic of China
China
still considered it a province
Culture
Many
influences from China & traditional
Mongols
Naadam festival of the Three Games of
Men
Mongolian traditional games: wrestling,
archery & horse racing
Buddhism,
Taoism or Confuianism
Ancestor worship
Mandarin
Chinese = language in Taiwan
Mongolia’s economy
Nomadic
and rural
Agricultural & animal herding (sheep,
cattle, horses, camels & goats)
Small villages centered around ranches
Some mfg and factories
Natural energy resources (coal &
petroleum) & Copper, gold & iron
Difficult to shift to a market economy from
a command economy
Taiwan’s economy
Few
natural resources
Large, trained, highly technical and
motivated work force
Strong mfg and global trade
Economic tiger
Influences from the west…Little League
(seriously???)
Take Five…
What
does the Pacific Rim refer to?
Chp 28 Sec 3: North & South
Korea
Peninsula
of Manchuria, Chinese and
Japanese migrations
China dominated, but lost to the Three
Kingdoms of Korea
Koguryo, Paekche & Silla
Silla kingdom eventually won entire peninsula
Japan took over in 1910 until after WWII
1 Peninsula/2 countries: History of the division
of North and South Korea
Post WWII division along the 38th parallel
North Korea controlled by U.S.S.R.
South Korea controlled by Snygman Rhee & U.S.
supported
War began when North Korea crossed the 38th parallel in
June of 1950
U.S. under the guise (United Nations) went to war to
support South Korea
War never officially ended (no signed treaty), but a cease
fire was declared in 1953 and a Demilitarized Zone was
put into place for 5 miles on both sides of the 38th
parallel
Demilitarized Zone
Korean Culture: North v South
North
Chinese influence
South
• Confucianism
• Buddhism
Communism
•
•
•
•
Government
Art
Literature
Lacking personal
freedoms
Chinese influence
• Confucianism
• Buddhism
Non-Communism
• Democracy
• Freedom of expression
in Art & Literature
• Personal freedoms &
western influences
Unity??????
2000
talks of a unified Korean peninsula
Then….K-im Jong-il--Crazy dictator
North
Korea’s Nuclear Program
Status of North Korean leadership
Status of North Korean communism
Korean economies
North
Natural resources
Raw materials
Large population
South
Economic tiger
Part of Pacific Rim
Mfg of ships,
automobiles, steel,
chemical industries
Large trading
Large ports
66% of all Koreans live
in S. Korea
• Seoul has a population
of over 2.5 million
people
Chp 28 Section 4: Japan
Japan
became a unified country in the
300’s AD
Japan’s early government
Wealthy landowners
Clan chiefs
• Samurai
Shoguns—Generals of the Emperor’s army
• Daimyo—appointed governors of each province
• Last Shogun in 1868
Japan as an Imperialist Power
Influence,
trade and new weapons from
the U.S. and Europe
Japan expanded it’s empire to overtake
parts of China, Korea, Vietnam and Pacific
islands
Conflict over imperialism in the 1940’s
Pearl Harbor (Dec 7th 1941)
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Take Five…
Complete
653
the skill builder questions on pg
Pearl Harbor (“A Day That will Live
in Infamy”—FDR)
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Japan’s Economy
Japanese
economic rebirth with U.S.
assistance
Large population—126 mill. Pop.
75% of the pop are urban
60% of the pop live in 2.7% of the land
Mfg & trade = global mkt economy
1990 on experienced a recession due to
competition of trade
Child labor
Japanese Culture
Influenced
by China and the U.S.
Strong beliefs in Buddhism
Strong emphasis on art, music, drama,
scrolls etc
Architect with balance in nature
Sports= baseball, soccer, wrestling etc
Japan Today
Strong
emphasis on education & discipline
Typical Japanese school
• 6 yrs elem/ 3 yrs junior high/3 yrs high
• Long school days/short breaks
• Focus on studies and college
Challenges In Japan
Pollution
Child
labor
Overcrowding
Long hours/weeks
Take Five…
What does the “ring of fire” refer to?
How can Japan prepare for the diasters that
they encounter?
Take Five…
What
What
is the Jakota Triangle?
problems are associated with
Japanese labor?
Highlights of Australia
The
Great Barrier Reef
Largest reef
Unique plant &
Animal life
Illegal to take from reef
Aboriginal Peoples
Migrated
from Asia
At European colonization 500 different
tribes, 200 different lang.
Hunter/gatherers
Stolen Generation
Forced Assimilation
European colonization/control
Late
1700’s Great Britain colonizes
Penal colony & navy base
1851 Gold rush
Still part of the British commonwealth 1901
Australian natural resources
Minerals
Largest diamond producer
Gold, copper, zinc etc
Outback--expensive
Farm
products
Agricultural/dairy etc
Ranching