Transcript East Asia

East Asia
Chp 27: Physical Geography of
East Asia
 Mountains

and Plateaus
Kunlan Mountains in west China
• Source of Huang He & Chang Jiang
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
Qinling Shandi Mountains divide northern and
southern China
Mountains and Plateaus
• Restrict movement
• Underpopulated
Kunlan Mountains
Qinling Shandi Mountains
Take Five…
 Complete
620
the skill builder questions on pg.
Gobi Desert
Gobi Desert
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Covers more than
500,000 square miles
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The Green Wall of China
or Green Great Wall
Project to plant 2,800
miles of forest strips
across the northwest rim
of China skirting the Gobi
Desert.
Biggest ecological
projects in history.
73-years of forestation
$ 96.2 billion over the
next decade.
East Asian Peninsulas & Islands
 Shangdong,
Leizhou & Macao
 Korean Peninsula—North & South Korea
 Hainan & Hong Kong
 Japan & Taiwan
Korea & Hainan
Hainan
Hong Kong
Japan
Taiwan
Huang He (Yellow) River
Chang (Yangtze) River
Xi Jiang (West) River
Wally Points…
 Why
do you think that the Huang He river
is also called China’s Sorrow?
 What
are positive and negative attributes
of rivers?
Take Five…
 Complete
pg. 622
the Skill Builder questions on
Natural Resources of East Asia
 Minerals
(iron ore, zinc, copper, lead,
silver etc)
 Land for agricultural products (rice)
 Forests
 Energy resources (petroleum, coal, natural
gas)
 Water for crop irrigation, fishing,
hydroelectricity, and transportation
Chp 27 Section 2: Climate and
Vegetation
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Subartic
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Highland (western China)
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Short grasses for grazing animals
Desert
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Deciduous & coniferous forests
Semiarid
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Coniferous forests & temperate grasslands
Humid Subtropical
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Forests & alpine tundra
Humid Continental
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Northern evergreen forests
Sparse vegetation
Tropical Wet
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Heavy rainfall—rain forests
Take Five…
 Complete
626
the Skill Builder questions on pg
Chp 27 Section 3: HumanEnvironment Interaction
 Building
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of the Three Gorges Dam
Where? Chiang Jiang River (3rd longest in
world)
Why? To prevent flooding & create
hydroelectricity
Positives and Negatives of the
Three Gorges Dam
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Positive effects: world’s biggest dam—
600+feet high & 1 mile wide
• Provide reliable power throughout China
• Makes it easier for ships to reach the interior of
China
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Negative effects:
• Wipe out 1,000+ towns & the relocation of 1 million
+ people
• Destruction of historic sites and landmarks
• Cost $75 billion
• Environmental concerns for wildlife habitats
Three Gorges Dam in 2009
Began construction in 1993 & finished
In May 2006—full generator power
By 2009
Upward in Japan…
 60%
of the population live on 3% of the
land
 80% of the Japanese population live in
urban areas
 Challenges with redefining small spaces
Wally Points…
 What
problems are associated with
urbanization?
Chp 28 Section 1: Human
Geography
 China

Dynasties of Chinese families
• Shang—1st Chinese dynasty
• Zhou
• Qin—gave China its name

Shi Huangdi
• The Great Wall of China
• The terra cotta army
• Han
• Qing (Manchu—1644)
• End of the dynastic era 1911
Nomadic invaders…
 The
Mongols
 The Mugals
 The Manchurians
 The Europeans
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Marco….Polo….Marco….Polo….Marco
The Great Wall of China
The Terra Cotta army
Marco Polo
13th century travels
from Venice to China
 The Travels of Marco
Polo peeked interest
in the East
 The Silk Road & other
Eastern Asian goods
 Led to European
spheres of influence
by the early 1900’s

The Gentlemen’s Agreement & US
Key to China
The Boxer Rebellion 1900
The Nationalists take over China
 WWI—WWII—China
under Sun Yat-sen &
Chiang Kai-shek was mostly isolated and
rural
 Non-imperialistic
 Threatened by outside invasion during
both world wars
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The rape of Nanjing by Japan
Chinese nationalism threatened
The rise of communism in China
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Mao Zedong 19491976
 Deng Xiaping
continued strong
communist ties
through the 1980’s
 Jiang Zemin & Zhu
Rongji focused on
building economy
China’s Economy
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60% of all workers in China are farmers
Only 13% of the land is usable for farming
however
Collective farms—communist farms in which
farmers were told what and how much to produce
5 year plans—failures
Industrial resources of coal, iron ore and oil
located in the northeast
Chinese cities also have factories and mfg (steel
& machinery & textiles)
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Shanghai is leading mfg center of China
Chinese inventions
Movable type for printing press
China’s Foot binding Practice
Confucius Says…”He who fart in
church sit in pew”
 Confucianism
philosophies
and other Chinese
Confucianism
 Respect
for one’s elders and ancestors
 People should obey their parents and
authority figures (emperor)
 Education important to a well run society
 Order is important to a well run society
Daoism (Taoism)
 Designed
by Lao-tzu
 To restore order and balance to society
individuals should seek harmony in nature
 Harmony important in the universe
 Government should be as small as
possible and leave people alone
Legalism
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Designed during the Han dynasty to strengthen the power of the
ruler
Fa:The law code must be clearly written and made public. All
people under the ruler were equal before the law. Laws should
reward those who obey them and punish accordingly those who
dare to break them. Thus it is guaranteed that actions taken are
systematically predictable. In addition, the system of law ran the
state, not the ruler. If the law is successfully enforced, even a
weak ruler will be strong.
Shu: Special tactics and "secrets" are to be employed by the ruler
to make sure others don't take over control of the state. Especially
important is that no one can fathom the ruler's motivations, and
thus no one can know which behavior might help them getting
ahead; except for following the laws.
Shi:It is the position of the ruler, not the ruler himself or herself,
that holds the power. Therefore, analysis of the trends, the
context, and the facts are essential for a real ruler.
In class activity—to be placed in
portfolios

Scenario:
 A King has been governing China for some time,
but he is corrupt and inefficient and his control
over government and society is weak. Crime is
on the increase and rebellion is both on the
horizon internally and externally. What policy or
set of policies would each of the philosophies we
have studied (legalism, Confucianism, Daoism)
offer to solve the problem and bring prosperity to
the region? You can use a chart if you like…
China’s growing population
problem
1 in 5 of the world’s population lives in China
 1.3 billion by 2000
 1 child policy—beginning in 1979
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Man = 22 and woman = 20 before marriage
Can only have 1 child
Male children more important traditionally than female
Strict law has led to infanticide
Rural families need more than 1 child to help on the
farm
Healthcare available to all
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Both traditional & western medical assistance available
Timed Writing
 What
are the different points of view of the
following: Confucianism, legalism and
Daoism?
Chp 28 Section 2: Mongolia &
Taiwan
 The
Mongols were Nomadic herders
until…
 Genghis Khan (1206-1227)
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Supreme conqueror
Conquered all of Central Asia & part of China
Succeeded by son Ogadai Khan & grandsons
China conquered Mongolia in 1600’s-1911
Mongolia became communist until fall of
U.S.S.R.
Taiwan
 Many
different groups of people emigrated
here
 Manchu dynasty conquered in 1683
 Japan took possession in 1895 until after
WWII when forced to give it to China
 Chinese nationalists exiled to Taiwan in
1949

Republic of China
 China
still considered it a province
Culture
 Many
influences from China & traditional
Mongols
 Naadam festival of the Three Games of
Men
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Mongolian traditional games: wrestling,
archery & horse racing
 Buddhism,

Taoism or Confucianism
Ancestor worship
 Mandarin
Chinese = language in Taiwan
Mongolia’s economy
 Nomadic
and rural
 Agricultural & animal herding (sheep,
cattle, horses, camels & goats)
 Small villages centered around ranches
 Some mfg and factories
 Natural energy resources (coal &
petroleum) & Copper, gold & iron
 Difficult to shift to a market economy from
a command economy
Taiwan’s economy
 Few
natural resources
 Large, trained, highly technical and
motivated work force
 Strong mfg and global trade
 Economic tiger
 Influences from the west…Little League
(seriously???)
Take Five…
 What
does the Pacific Rim refer to?
Chp 28 Sec 3: North & South
Korea
 Peninsula
of Manchuria, Chinese and
Japanese migrations
 China dominated, but lost to the Three
Kingdoms of Korea
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Koguryo, Paekche & Silla
Silla kingdom eventually won entire peninsula
Japan took over in 1910 until after WWII
1 Peninsula/2 countries: History of the division
of North and South Korea
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Post WWII division along the 38th parallel
North Korea controlled by U.S.S.R.
South Korea controlled by Snygman Rhee & U.S.
supported
War began when North Korea crossed the 38th parallel in
June of 1950
U.S. under the guise (United Nations) went to war to
support South Korea
War never officially ended (no signed treaty), but a cease
fire was declared in 1953 and a Demilitarized Zone was
put into place for 5 miles on both sides of the 38th
parallel
Demilitarized Zone
Korean Culture: North v South
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North
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Chinese influence
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South
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• Confucianism
• Buddhism
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Communism
•
•
•
•
Government
Art
Literature
Lacking personal
freedoms
Chinese influence
• Confucianism
• Buddhism

Non-Communism
• Democracy
• Freedom of expression
in Art & Literature
• Personal freedoms &
western influences
Unity??????
 2000
talks of a unified Korean peninsula
 Then….K-im Jong-il--Crazy dictator
 North
Korea’s Nuclear Program
 Status of North Korean leadership
 Status of North Korean communism
Korean economies
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North
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Natural resources
Raw materials
Large population
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South
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Economic tiger
Part of Pacific Rim
Mfg of ships,
automobiles, steel,
chemical industries
Large trading
Large ports
66% of all Koreans live
in S. Korea
• Seoul has a population
of over 2.5 million
people
Chp 28 Section 4: Japan
 Japan
became a unified country in the
300’s AD
 Japan’s early government
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Wealthy landowners
Clan chiefs
• Samurai
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Shoguns—Generals of the Emperor’s army
• Daimyo—appointed governors of each province
• Last Shogun in 1868
Japan as an Imperialist Power
 Influence,
trade and new weapons from
the U.S. and Europe
 Japan expanded it’s empire to overtake
parts of China, Korea, Vietnam and Pacific
islands
 Conflict over imperialism in the 1940’s
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Pearl Harbor (Dec 7th 1941)
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Take Five…
 Complete
653
the skill builder questions on pg
Pearl Harbor (“A Day That will Live
in Infamy”—FDR)
Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Japan’s Economy
 Japanese
economic rebirth with U.S.
assistance
 Large population—126 mill. Pop.
 75% of the pop are urban
 60% of the pop live in 2.7% of the land
 Mfg & trade = global mkt economy
 1990 on experienced a recession due to
competition of trade
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Child labor
Japanese Culture
 Influenced
by China and the U.S.
 Strong beliefs in Buddhism
 Strong emphasis on art, music, drama,
scrolls etc
 Architect with balance in nature
 Sports= baseball, soccer, wrestling etc
Japan Today
 Strong
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emphasis on education & discipline
Typical Japanese school
• 6 yrs elem/ 3 yrs junior high/3 yrs high
• Long school days/short breaks
• Focus on studies and college
Challenges In Japan
 Pollution
 Child
labor
 Overcrowding
 Long hours/weeks
Take Five…
What does the “ring of fire” refer to?
How can Japan prepare for the disasters
that they encounter?
Chp 29: today’s issues
Ring of Fire—chain of volcanoes
that line the Pacific Rim
What causes the natural disasters
in this area?
 Shifting
of tectonic plates
 Continental crust is being crumpled and
creating mountains and volcanoes
(subduction) as well as causing stress and
tension in the plates—thus earthquakes
 Ave. of 1000 quakes per year in Japan
 These earthquakes can also cause
tsunamis
Preparing for diaster
 Early
warning systems
 New construction—strict building codes
 Disaster drills
In class assignment…to be placed
in portfolios
 Read
the information on pg. 664 and
complete the assessment questions.
Take Five…
 What
 What
is the Jakota Triangle?
problems are associated with
Japanese labor?
Trade and Prosperity
 Demand
for Asian goods & services
 End of East Asia’s isolation—moving
towards capitalism
 The creation of a global economy post
WWII
 Jakota Triangle: Japan, Korea (South) &
Tiawan—countries that did extremely well
in the global market place
The Dark Side of Trade and
Prosperity
 Recessions
of 1990s-current day
experienced losses and unemployment
 Global ripple effect also affecting Wall
Street and value of the Euro
 1990s the World Bank and International
Monetary Fund gave loans to stop the
economic crisis
Another dark side of prosperity
 Child
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 In
labor
In 1995 UNICEF reported ½ a million children
in East Asia as child laborers
accepting loans from world
organizations, East Asia had to reform its
child labor policies
 End of sweatshops---or did they????
Ever Growing Population
Problems…
Highlights of Australia
 The
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Great Barrier Reef
Largest reef
Unique plant &
Animal life
Illegal to take from reef
Aboriginal Peoples
 Migrated
from Asia
 At European colonization 500 different
tribes, 200 different lang.
 Hunter/gatherers
 Stolen Generation
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Forced Assimilation
European colonization/control
 Late
1700’s Great Britain colonizes
 Penal colony & navy base
 1851 Gold rush
 Still part of the British commonwealth 1901
Australian natural resources
 Minerals
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Largest diamond producer
Gold, copper, zinc etc
Outback--expensive
 Farm
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products
Agricultural/dairy etc
 Ranching