Transcript ULSD: A Challenge for Fleet Owners

Diesel Engine School Bus
Retrofit Technology Workshop
Maryland Department of the Environment
April 29, 2004
The standard for new emissions standards.
ULSD – The Road to 2006
• By 2006 the U.S. EPA standards for sulfur content in
on-highway diesel will be reduced from 500 ppm to
15 ppm at refiner level; 2006-2010 phase in for end
user
• Refiners, engine manufacturers, marketers, retailers
and end users have begun strategizing how this new
mandate will affect their industries
• Throughout the supply chain there must be adaptations
to accommodate this lower sulfur fuel
EPA Regulations for On-Highway Diesel
2004
500 ppm
on-road
diesel
June ‘06
2006
Fungible
product
Sep ‘06
2007
2010
All diesel will
be ULSD
Sulfur content
reduced from
500 ppm to
15ppm
Phase in:
80% ULSD
20% 500 ppm
Marketers/
Retail
All diesel vehicles manufactured prior to 2007 may run on either LSD or ULSD to 2010.
In 2007, all new diesel
equipment manufactured must
run on ULSD.
Drivers of ULSD
• Meets community and public interest group
objectives
– Health organizations initiatives
• Achieve immediate emission reductions
– With or without emission control devices
• Lowest overall cost option for reducing emissions
– Unlike other alternative fuel options, ULSD has no
infrastructure or fleet changes/modifications
– If end user operates an on-site fueling facility, no upgrades
or modifications necessary to tank, piping, or dispenser
National Availability of ULSD
Seattle
Portland
Manchester
Boston
Ann Arbor
New York
Cleveland
New Jersey
Philadelphia
Washington, D.C.
Los Angeles
San Diego
Atlanta
Birmingham
Houston
Sprague
Other Suppliers
Current Users of ULSD
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Heavy, medium and light duty vehicles
Transit and school bus fleets
Municipal & private transportation fleets
Construction equipment
Power generation equipment
Marine
How Did Sprague Become Involved?
• 2000 New York City Transit Authority
demonstration program
– One depot
– 200 buses
– Buses used ULSD base fuel only & ULSD with particulate
filters
• Program test resulted in NYCTA converting 18
depots from 500 ppm diesel to ULSD, with no
change in infrastructure or engine modifications
– End result: 4,400 buses operating on ULSD had immediate
reduction in emissions (e.g. immediate reduction utilizing
ULSD and even greater reduction with buses operating on
ULSD with particulate filters)
ULSD Proven Emission Reductions*
ULSD Base Fuel
Only
ULSD with DPF
Retrofit **
THC
76%
92%
CO
29%
94%
PM
23%
88%
KEY:
PM = Particulate Matter
CO = Carbon Monoxide
THC= Total Hydrocarbons
*Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc. 2001-01-0511:
“Performance and Durability Evaluation of Continuously Regenerating Particulate Filters on
Diesel Powered Urban Buses at New York City Transit” with Detroit Diesel Series 50 Engine.
** 99% reduction in PM particle counts across all size ranges, including the smallest particles.
End User Concerns
End User ULSD Concerns
Operability
• No measurable difference in vehicle performance
• Easy to switch from engine perspective
• ULSD may be used in older trucks – no need to store two
fuels
Fuel
Performance
• Currently refinery production of ULSD does not meet
engine manufacturers lubricity specifications
• Fuel meets/exceeds engine manufacturers’ specifications
using lubricity additive
Supply &
Distribution
• Transporting fuel to end user with minimal or no
contamination is a challenge
• Requires segregated product at fuel terminals, pipelines,
racks and delivery trucks
• At this time cannot use commercials pipeline for
transportation of ULSD
End User ULSD Concerns
• Price
– Optimize delivery quantity
– Aggregate usage
•
Supplier
– Experienced in supply and delivery of ULSD or nonfungible products
– Reliable and consistent supply (multi-refinery sources)
– Multi-terminal network
– Fungible vs. segregated system
– Multiple segregated delivery transport fleet
– Emergency Supply Plan
End User Concerns
• Supplier (cont’d)
– Product winterization
– Quality Control Program
– Meet engine manufacturers’ fuel specifications
• Lubricity (SLBOCLE vs. HFFR)
• Type of lubricity additive
• Lubricity insurance
• Sulfur testing standards and enforcement to insure
product integrity
• Future federal and local legislation
• 500ppm vs. 15ppm
• Financial resources