Transcript Document

TOPIC 3GLOBALISATION
3.1A- HOW DOES
THE ECONOMY OF
THE GLOBALISED
WORLD FUNCTION
IN DIFFERENT
PLACES?
Globalisation refers to
WHAT
YOU
growthDO
and
theTHINK
spread
GLOBALISATION
IS?
of
ideas, business,
In
your pairs/
culture
andgroup
goods on
Discuss
what
term wide
a global
orthe
world
GLOBALISATION might
scale
mean
One feature of Globalisation is the
dependence between countries. Look at the
production chain involved in a pair of trousers
and identify the links between income and the
position of the country in the production
chain.
Cotton grown in
Egypt
Cloth woven in Thailand
Trousers made in
Bangladesh
Trousers shipped to
Rotterdam ( Netherlands)
Trousers distributed to
retails outlets in UK
Synthetic fibre made in
China
Buttons and zips
made in India
The production chain of a pair of
trousers.
goods.
Secondary
.
Need specific
, with large area of
closeness to
materials.
production.
employment.
Examples include,
manufacturing and clothing
land,
.
Mass
Car
Factories
Male
flat
Raw
Skills
Industry
manufactured
WORD BOX
GLOBALISATION HAS LED TO
TWO ECONOMIES FORMING
Knowledge
Globally
Work/ labour
Female
Human
WORD BOX
Production of
Services are
Global
Male and
, ideas and services.
based and interconnected.
resources are important.
.
force.
employment.
OLD ECONOMY
• manufactured goods
• Secondary industry
• Locally or regionally based
• Industry locates close to raw
materials, cheap flat land,
good transport links close
• Local labour supply needed
• Mass production of few goods
• Job specific skills e.g. engineer
• Mainly male employment
 E.g. Car manufacturing, clothing factory, etc.
NEW ECONOMY
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Production of knowledge, ideas and services
Globally based and interconnected
Examples
Human resources are very important
ICT industries
Risky
Technology such as
mobile phones
Specialised services
TV production
Global labour force
Equal male and female employment
goods.
Secondary
.
Need specific
, with large area of
closeness to
materials.
production.
employment.
Examples include,
manufacturing and clothing
land,
.
Mass
Car
Factories
Male
flat
Raw
Skills
Industry
manufactured
WORD BOX
GLOBALISATION HAS LED TO
TWO ECONOMIES FORMING
Knowledge
Globally
Work/ labour
Female
Human
WORD BOX
Production of
Services are
Global
Male and
, ideas and services.
based and interconnected.
resources are important.
.
force.
employment.
MANUFACTURED goods.
Secondary INDUSTRY.
Need specific SKILLS , with large area of FLAT land, closeness to
RAW materials.
MASS production.
MALE employment.
Examples include, CAR manufacturing and clothing FACTORIES.
Mass
Car
Factories
Male
Raw
Skills
Industry
manufactured
WORD BOX
GLOBALISATION HAS LED TO
TWO ECONOMIES FORMING
Knowledge
Globally
Work/ labour
Female
Human
specialised
WORD BOX
Production of KNOWLEDGE , ideas and services.
GLOBALLY based and interconnected.
HUMAN resources are important.
Services are SPECIALISED.
Global WORK/ LABOUR force.
Male and FEMALE employment.
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT EMPLOYMENT
SECTORS?
Employment (job) involving
taking (extracting) natural
resources from the earth (land
or sea)
This is called
.
farmer
Employment that involves
making (manufacturing)
raw materials into
something else. E.g. making
cotton into a shirt. This is
called
.
Employment that
involves the worker
providing a SERVICE.
This is called
TERTIARY
Employment that
involves using high
technology and
innovation. This is
called
EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE
Jobs in all countries can be split into four dif ferent sectors:
 Primar y - jobs that extract raw materials directly from the ear th or
sea - e.g. farming, fishing, forestr y and mining.
 Secondar y - jobs that process and manufacture the primar y products e.g. furniture manufacture and car assembly.
 Ter tiar y - jobs that provide a ser vice - e.g. education, health, of fice
work and retail.
 Quaternar y - jobs that provide exper t information and help - e.g. IT
suppor t and biosciences.
 In the UK most of our jobs are in the ter tiar y sector. This has not
always been the case, with most jobs traditionally found in the
primar y and secondar y sectors. Lots of these jobs have since moved
abroad and subsequently there has been a rise in ter tiar y and some
Task
 In your notes, divide a page into 4 sections  Add the name of each EMPLOYMENT SECTOR, describe each and add 2
examples of the job type in each box.
3.1A - THE BALANCE BET WEEN EMPLOYMENT
SECTORS VARIES SPATIALLY AND IS
CHANGING
Today we will use the CLARKE- FISHER MODEL to INVESTIGATE
changing EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE in countries at different
stages of DEVELOPMENT
The basic idea-
As a country increases its wealth or develops
the number of people employed in each
employment sector changes.
EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURES
Which one is which?
Task- complete the
employment structure
worksheet
THE CLARKE FISHER MODEL
 These dif ferences are shown in Clarke fishers model
TIME INCREASES
Pre-industrial Stage –
the LDC’s have high
amounts of primary
industries due to the
fact that there is a
lack of education and
they are mainly
subsidence farmers.
There are very few
jobs in the tertiary and
manufacturing
sectors, due to lack of
money to set up these
factories or build
them.
THE CLARKE FISHER MODEL
Industrial Stage –
 These dif ferences are shown in
Clarke fishers model
TIME INCREASES
As time passes,
manufacturing
increases, New
factories spring up in
many locations.
So the secondary
sector grows in
importance.
The tertiary sector also
grows (but not as fast)
The primary sector
continues to decline in
this period as the
country industrialises.
THE CLARKE FISHER MODEL
 These dif ferences are shown in Clarke
fishers model
TIME INCREASES
Post-industrial Stage In this stage the
tertiary sector become
most important.
Secondary sector
tends to die away.
As more people start
to live in towns, there
is a growing demand
for various services from health and
education to transport
and finance.
Quaternary jobs begin
to form too as the
country becomes
wealthier.
HOW RELIABLE IS THE MODEL?
 This model is based on what happened in developed countries
like Britain. It may not work in the same way for developing
countries which may bypass some part of the model. For
example, some developing countries might encourage tourism
(tertiary) in their country and bypass the Industrial Stage,
such as the Gambia in Africa.
Add these
statements your
copy of the model
LIVING GRAPH ACTIVIT Y
DEINDUSTRIALISATION
INDUSTRIALISATION
New jobs in hi
tech are
created due to
countries
wealth,
increasing
wealth further
Country increases
wealth and factories
are built, secondary
jobs increase
Many factory
workers lose
their jobs
Primary sector
continues to decline
as not enough money
in this type of work
Most people live off
the land and work in
the primary sector
CHINA/
MEXICO
BURKINA
FASO
UK/ USA
Country is
manufacturing many
of the world’s goods
as secondary jobs
peak
Tertiary jobs increase
as services are
needed for factory
workers
THE CLARKE FISHER MODEL
CHINA/
MEXICO
BURKINA
FASO
UK/ USA
THE CLARKE FISHER MODEL
TASK
 Annotate your copy of the model with 1. The name of a country at each stage, and type of country it is
(LIC, HIC, BRIC)
2. The terms industrialisation and deindustrialisation (define
each)
3. A description of what tends to happen at each stage
4. A sketch of, or link to the pie chart that shows the
employment structure at each stage
HOW DO THE JOBS PEOPLE DO DIFFER
AROUND THE WORLD?
 Some countries, like Mexico, have experienced industrialisation .
This is the social and economic change that transforms a place
from one that relies heavily on primary employment into one of
secondary (manufacturing).
Mexico was originally mainly focused on agriculture but the
growth of industry meant many people moved from the rural
areas to the cities. In 1950s manufacturing became the biggest
provider of wealth.
 Manufacturing companies, often with headquarters based in the
USA, have been attracted here due to :
 A large and highly skilled workforce
 Cheap labour
 Low distribution costs
 Some countries, like USA, have experienced
deindustrialisation. This is the decline in secondary
(manufacturing) industry and the growth in tertiary and
quaternary industries.
USA has the largest economy in the world.
 Deindustrialisation in the 1980s forced manufacturing to
move to lower-cost sites (mostly abroad) and led to the growth
of the service sector.
 Today we will CONTRAST the importance of different
EMPLOYMENT SECTORS and working conditions in
countries at different stages of DEVELOPMENT.
WHAT ABOUT WORKING CONDITIONS?
 Working conditions are better in
.
 In
people are paid fair wages and have regular
breaks and get sick pay
 In
many jobs are informal, meaning the worker
has no contract and can be sacked without warning.
 In
many workers work long hours for minimal pay
TASK
Copy out and fill in the blanks with either
DEVELOPED or DEVELOPING countries.
INSERT FORMAL/ INFORMAL JOBS CARD
SORT
DEINDUSTRIALISED (DEVELOPED)
COUNTRIES (UK, USA, JAPAN)
 Tertiary jobs dominate in these countries as most people have
disposable income and the government have set up services
like schools and hospitals.
 There are secondary jobs in some areas but the numbers have
declined from 100 years ago
 Primary jobs are minimal, but some rural areas have people
working in farming and fishing (North East Scotland and
Cornwall)
 Quaternary jobs are increasing in techno hub areas, like
Cambridge and East London and along the M4 corridor in the
UK and Silicon Valley, California, USA .
WHO DOES THE JOB/S?
 Many women work full time jobs, but part time work has
rapidly increased so now there are more women and men
doing part time hours.
 It is increasingly common for both adults in a family to work
and for single parents to be working single parents although
many work part time
 Many tertiary and quaternary jobs are flexible with hours, so
fewer people work 9-5 5 days a week than did 50 years ago.
 Children can work but hours are restricted as is the type of
job they can do, there is also a minimum level of pay they
should receive.
 In the UK there is a minimum wage
 Workers have contracts so they pay tax and can receive sick
pay and receive a pension when the time comes.
BRIC/ NIC COUNTRIES- CHINA
INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES
 These countries tend to have a higher
percentage of workers employed in
manufacturing goods (SECONDARY
INDUSTRY).
 Working conditions are often poor and
work is often low paid with long hours.
 Many people work without a contract, so
they can get started quickly but this
means no sick pay and no protection
from harsh working conditions
 Many families are split up in these
countries- often younger men (and
increasingly women too) will leave rural
families and head to a big city to work,
live in overcrowded conditions in small
flats with basic facilities and work very
long hours.
LDC (LEAST DEVELOPED COUNTRIES)PRE INDUSTRIAL COUNTRIES
 In these countries, there are tertiary jobs, but fewer as the
governments have not had the money to build hospitals,
schools and libraries and the population as a whole do not
have such a large amount of disposable income, therefore
fewer hotels, restaurants etc exist, thus there are fewer
tertiary jobs than in BRICs and HICs
 Many people live a SUBSISTENCE lifestyle, they provide for
themselves what they need and trade, e.g. they grow their own
food and have enough to eat, make their own clothes and
breed their own animals, any even build their own houses.
 Much of the work is therefore not formally paid work and
therefore there is less tax paid - preventing the country
boosting its economy.
 Many people here do primary jobs like farming, fishing,
mining etc.
 In larger towns and cities there are more tertiary jobs and
these are increasing in most countries as the world becomes
increasingly globalised.
 Like in BRIC nations many here who work for a company work
without a contract, meaning no sick pay and no minimum
wage or control over working conditions so they also work in
dangerous conditions
PRACTICE EXAM QUESTION
F Which country has the highest
percentage working in the TERTIARY
sector?
F Which country has is likely to
have the most people employed in
farming?
H Which country is pre industrial
according to Clarke Fisher? (1)
Give a reason for your answer (2)
H Describe the relationship
between GDP and % employed
in the secondary sector (2)
PRACTICE EXAM QUESTIONS
 H and F - Explain how employment varies according to a
countries level of development (4)
 H AND F -Explain how the growth of SECONDARY industry in
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES can bring both benefits and
problems (4)
 F - Outline one negative impact globalisation has on people in
DEVELOPING COUNTRIES (2)
 H-Explain why some people argue that globalisation has
negative impacts on DEVELOPING countries (6)
HOMEWORK QUESTION
 Describe the changes in employment that take place
as countries develop (4)