Transcript 17.4 HW will be collected on review day (Thursday) Bell

Bell Ringer 3/26/15
Think of ways that people
can protest without
resorting to violence.
What advantages do
these tactics have?
Chapter 19; Section 1
Leaders and Strategies
The Civil Rights Movement
1954 - 1968
interracial
Between, among, or
involving people of
different races
Congress of Racial Equality
(CORE)
Organization founded in
1942 to promote racial
equality through peaceful
means
Southern Christian
Leadership Conference
(SCLC)
Civil rights organization
formed in 1957 by Dr.
Martin Luther King, Jr. and
other leaders
Nonviolent protest
Form of protest in which
protesters do not resist or
fight back when attacked
Student Nonviolent
Coordinating Committee
(SNCC)
Student civil rights
organization founded in
1960
Main Idea
The civil rights movement of
the 1960s consisted of many
separate groups, whose
leaders and methods differed
while sharing the same goal
of securing equal rights for all
Americans.
The civil rights movement
spread nationwide in the
1960s, but the struggle had
been going on for decades.
WWII brought to light the
racism that existed in the U.S.
During the postwar period,
several events occurred that
set the stage for the civil rights
battles of the 1960s. (Ch. 17)
NAACP
National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People
-Oldest civil rights organization
-interracial (African Americans
and white Americans) as members
-founded in 1909
Focused on challenging the laws that
prevented African Americans from
having full rights as citizens
-Worked for new laws and brought
lawsuits
-Tried to get anti-lynching laws
passed (refused by Senate)
-Won cases for housing, education
and school desegregation
ex. Brown v. Board of Ed.
Q: What was the goal of the
NAACP?
To secure legal
equality
Q: What approach did the
NAACP take toward ending
discrimination?
It challenged unfair
laws and strove to get
new legislation passed
W.E.B. Dubois
first African American to receive a
doctoral degree from Harvard
University
Edited NAACP magazine, Crisis
Director of publicity and research
National Urban League
Focused on economic issues of
African Americans
-founded in 1911
-Helped find housing and taught
job skills
CORE
Congress of Racial Equality
-founded in 1942 by pacifists
-Dedicated to bringing change
through peaceful confrontation
-interracial group of members
C.O.R.E Marching in Washington, D.C.
Southern Christian Leadership
Conference (SCLC)
Focused on civil rights in the south
-organized in 1957
-based on nonviolent protest; a
peaceful way of protesting against
policies
-southern church leaders,
included MLK, Jr.
Martin Luther King, Jr.
4:39
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Baptist preacher
born in Atlanta, GA 1929
civil rights leader
symbol of nonviolent protest
married to Coretta Scott King
Q: How did King move to the
forefront of the civil rights
movement?
By founding SCLC,
instituting nonviolent
means of protest and
leading the
Montgomery bus
boycott
On the night of April
26, 1960, burning
crosses—the symbol
of the KKK—
appeared in the front
yards of many
African American
residents of Atlanta.
Here you can see
Martin Luther King,
Jr. calmly removing a
cross from his lawn
as his young son
looks on.
Martin Luther King, Jr., cont.
influenced by Gandhi
led city-wide bus boycott in
Montgomery, Alabama
awarded Nobel Peace Price 1964
attacked physically/verbally
assassinated in Tennessee in 1968
-James Earl Ray convicted; sentenced to
99 years in prison; died in prison 1998
Nonviolent Protest
4 minutes
Q: Read the two viewpoints on p. 566.
How do these two speeches, made
about one month apart, reflect the
division in the country?
Kennedy expresses
frustration at the slow
course of change in the
area of school integration;
Wallace symbolizes the
opposition in the south
“To accept passively an unjust
system is to cooperate with
that system; thereby the
oppressed become as evil as
the oppressor.”
Martin Luther King, Jr.
SNCC Breaks Away
Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (“snick”)
originally part of SCLC
began in 1960
gave young activists a chance to
make decisions about priorities and
tactics
shifted focus away from church
leaders
Police arrest SNCC member Eddie Brown at a 1962 protest in Albany, GA.
Q:How do Brown’s actions reflect the philosophy of nonviolent protest?
A: He remains nonviolent even when police officers are carrying him away.
SNCC, cont.
Robert Moses
-most influential leader
-soft-spoken
-loved and trusted
SNCC, cont.
Anne Moody
-her family feared for their safety due
to her participating in NAACP, CORE
and SNCC
-sacrificed her safety for her beliefs
Civil Rights
Organization
NAACP
National
Urban
League
CORE
SCLC
Goals/Characteristics
Interracial organization with W.E.B. Dubois as a
founding member; worked primarily for full legal
equality and for the removal of voting barriers
appealed to upper middle class Americans.
Helped African Americans find homes and jobs in
cities; encouraged businesses and unions to teach
African Americans skills.
interracial organization; main tactic was peaceful
confrontation; headed by James Farmer.
Organization of clergymen founded by Martin
Luther King, Jr.; introduced concept of nonviolent
protest ; shifted focus of movement to South.
Q: Why was the SNCC founded?
Impatient for change,
young NAACP members
founded their own
activist group.
Q: In what important ways did SNCC and its
goals differ from the SCLC?
SNCC was made up of
young people and was
much more radical than
the SCLC.
Q: How might you explain the long gap in
time between the founding of the NAACP
and the start of CORE and SCLC?
It is possible that the NAACP
was not meeting the needs
of poor migrant workers
and farmers.