Transcript Computer Terminology

Computer
Infrastructure
This slide show
creating in MS
PowerPoint 97
By: Mrs. Murphy
5 Components Necessary
for Computer Operation
• Input Hardware
• Output Hardware
• Storage hardware
• Processing hardware
• Communications hardware
The Motherboard
 main circuit
board on which
the microprocessor
and all other
components are
mounted
Abit KT-7A AMD Processor Motherboard
Hardware
• any physical component of the computer
• you can touch it
Expansion Cards
• like a small circuit board
• contains what is
necessary to perform a
specialized task
• contain chips that add
new features to a
computer
• e.g. a graphics card,
sound card
cards
go here
Peripheral
Devices
• external devices connected to the
computer cabinet but are not inside
the main cabinet
Laser printer
Input Hardware
• the physical parts of
the computer that
accept data
(information) and
convert it into a
form that can be
used for computer
processing
Keyboard
• used to enter words &
numbers into the
computer.
• also has keys called
function keys: used to
enter specific software
commands as a shortcut.
• cursor (insertion
point): symbol on the
An ergonomic
keyboard
screen that shows where
data may be entered next.
Pointing Devices
mouse
• devices that
control the position
of the cursor or
pointer on the
screen
trackballs
touchpad
joystick
trackball
Mouse
cordless
mouse
• rolled on a desktop to direct a
pointer on the monitor
first mouse ever!
optical
mouse
(no mouse ball)
Joystick
• a vertical handle, like a
gearshift lever, mounted on a
base with one or two buttons
• often used for playing
computer games
Trackball
• moveable ball on a stationary device
• rotated with the fingers or your palm
• sometimes found on laptop computers
Touchpad
• flat rectangular device
• uses a very weak electrical field to sense
the user’s touch
• as the fingertip is moved, so does the
cursor
Lap top touchpad
Graphics Tablet
(Pablo)
• draw on the tablet
with the pressure
sensitive pen
• can be used instead
of a mouse
Light Pen
• light sensitive pen-like device
• user brings the pen to a specific spot on
the display screen
• “click” by pressing the pen button
• it identifies the screen
location to the computer
• sometimes used by
engineers and graphic
designers
Touch Screen
• a video display screen that has been
sensitised to receive input from the
touch of a finger.
Bar Code Reader
• a photoelectric scanner that
translates the bar code
symbols into digital code
Microphone
• provides sonic input to the sound card
Scanner
translates images of text, drawings
and photos into digital form
Output Hardware
• devices that provide the user with a
way of viewing and using information
produced by the computer
Monitor
• a device that displays softcopy output
resolution: clarity
or sharpness of a
monitor
the higher number
of pixels, the
clearer the image
Soft v.s. Hard Copy
• hard copy: output that can be
physically held in your hand
soft copy: output
displayed on a monitor or
by speakers (sound)
Printers
allows your work to be re-created on a
sheet of paper or acetate
Colour
ink jet
Laser printer
Colour bubble jet
Laser Printers
• works like a photocopier
• images created on a drum
• treated with magnetically charged ink
like toner (powder)
• transferred from a
drum to paper
Laser printer
Ink-Jet Printer
• forms images with little dots
• sprays small, electrically charged
droplets of ink from four nozzles from
holes in a matrix
Colour
ink jet
Bubble-jet printer
• similar to an ink jet printer
• uses miniature heating elements to
force special ink through print heads
with 128 tiny nozzles
Colour bubble jet
Speakers
• allow the digital sound to be heard
Plotters
used to produce high quality graphics
 used to create architectural drawings and
maps

Drum plotter
Flatbed plotter
Digital Camera
• a light sensitive processor chip captures
photographic images in digital form on the
camera’s small disk
• both an input and output device
Storage Hardware
• devices that let you store
software and data
RAM
Bit v.s. byte
1. Bit
2. Byte
3. Kilobyte
 smallest unit of capacity
 represents one character, digit, = 8 bits
or other value
=1024 bytes
4. Megabyte  measurement computer’s
capacity
 describes main memory, floppy
disks, and CD ROMs.
5. Gigabyte  Unit of capacity for hard drives
and mainframes.
6. Terabyte
=approx. 1 million
bytes (1,048,576)
=approx. 1 billion
bytes
(1,073,741,824)
 unit of capacity for mainframes =approx. 1 trillion
and supercomputers
bytes
(1,009,511,627,776)
Primary Storage
•
•
•
•
temporary working storage of the computer
contents ARE erased when the power is turned off
contained on memory chips on the motherboard
chips remember, temporarily, information supplied
by you or software
RAM
ROM
Random Access Memory (RAM)
• memory that temporarily holds data and
instructions that will be needed shortly
by the processor
• it is constantly being written on and
erased
• the more you have, the
faster the software will
operate
RAM
Read-Only Memory (ROM)
• you cannot write on it or erase it
• the chips remember,
permanently, information
supplied by the manufacturer
• one of the chips contains instructions
that tell the processor what to do when
you first turn on, or “boot” the
computer (ROM bootstrap)
Cache memory



bridge between the CPU and RAM
special high-speed memory that the processor
can access quickly
allows the processor to run faster because it
doesn’t have to take time to swap instructions
in and out of RAM
Secondary Storage
• used to store information in a relatively
permanent manner
• data is NOT lost when the power is
turned off
Hard Drive (disk)
 holds software and data
 thin, but rigid, metal or glass platters covered
with a substance that allows data to be held in
the form of magnetised spots
 tightly sealed within an enclosed unit to
prevent any foreign matter from
getting
inside
Interior of hard drive
Read write heads on
the arm
Discs on a drive
spindle
Exterior of
hard drive
Floppy Drive
• a device that holds,
spins, and reads data
from and writes data
to the diskette
Floppy disk: removable, round, flat
piece of plastic that stores data and
programs as electromagnetic charges
on a metal oxide film that coats the
plastic
CD ROM
(Compact Disk Read Only Memory)




optical disk format that is used to hold
software programs and data
holds up to 680 MB of data
they can be internal or external
use optical disk technology
ZIP/JAZ drive




removable hard disk drives
work like floppy drives
hold GB worth of data on hard disks
disks can be removed and replaced by
others
Zip Drive
Jaz Drive
Jaz Drive
Processing Hardware
• combination of:
• the electronic circuitry that does the
processing
• the memory that supports the processing
RAM
ROM
CPU (Central Processing Unit)
The processing/computing part of the computer
controls and manipulates data to produce
information
microprocessor: CPU in a microcomputer
Communications
Hardware
• devices used to assist in the connections
between computers and between groups of
connected computers
external modem
Network Interface Card
(NIC)
 enables a computer to send and receive
messages in a network
 need one to be attached to a network
Modem
• device that converts digital signals to
analog ones in order to send signals
over telephone lines and into your
computer (or vice versa)
internal modem
external modem
PowerPoint in the Classroom
http://www.actden.com/pp/
• This site is an excellent tutorial
• very student (& adult) friendly-easy to follow
instructions
• great graphics
• walks you through each task step-by-step by
showing you the actual dialogue box/dropdown
menu for every step
• a simple layout (not too much text on a screen)
• a quick quiz on each tutorial section
• I would use this in my classroom!
Citations
•
www.cheap-computers-guide.com/ cheap-computer-cases.html (computer case)
•
www.pclincs.co.uk/acatalog/ (ergonomic keyboard)
•
ece.clemson.edu/ (CPU Chip)
•
www.demonatthus.net/focus/ f-a020610a.html (cordless mouse)
•
www.ebiz-on.com/ (normal moitor)
•
www.techsoft.com/ (flat monitor)
•
www.dici.net/mission.htm (computer)
•
dtech.co.za/multimedia.htm (normal keyboard)
•
www.estrada-onstage.com/ e/e.asp?durki=28 (faded keyboard)
•
company.monster.co.uk/bccuk/ (normal mouse)
•
www.nsi.be/products.htm (multiple trackballs)
•
www.acm.org/sigchi/chi97/proceedings/ short-talk/sm.htm (touchpad)
•
www.thepc.info/mouse.html (trackball)
•
reviews.macnn.com/reviews/ saitek/cyborg.shtml (joystick)
•
www.afosr.af.mil/pages/ rhjun99.htm (first mouse)
•
www.humanities.mcmaster.ca/ ~hccrs/INPUT.HTM (web cam)
Citations Con’t
•
www.bysoft.se/sureshot/ bluesaver/ (black flat monitor)
•
it.wce.wwu.edu/344/manual/glossary/ pix/laser%20printer.jpg (laser printer)
•
scanweb.hypermart.net/images/ misc/scanner.jpg (scanner)
•
www.keyence.com/news/ bl80new.gif (bar code reader)
•
www.epinions.com/ Canon_S200_Color_Bubble_Jet_Printer__P… (colour bubble jet printer)
•
www.racoindustries.com/ zebekit.htm (pen bar code reader)
•
www.readerware.com/help/ rwBarCode.html (bar code)
•
www.criticism.com/riswan.html (ink jet printer)
•
www.equator.ac.uk/technology/ storytent/ (touch screen)
•
www.mitek.co.uk/tfm12.html (touch screen with guy in it)
•
http://www.dpreview.com/reviews/sonydscp71/(digital camera)
•
www.cw2.co.uk/images/ px1_3067.gif (light pen with monitor)
•
www.sincuser.f9.co.uk/ 030/hardwre2.jpg (light pen)
•
www.hanho.com/image/ microphone-2.jpg (microphone with pen)
•
www.mpsuperstore.com/Electronics/ discr21038.htm (microphone)
Citations Con’t
•
www.mypcmadness.com/images/ gateway_solo/touchpad.jpg (laptop touchpad
•
mpc.fab.free.fr/atari/ photo8b/trackball.jpg (Atari trackball)
•
www.serc.iisc.ernet.in/ ~pcf/drum.gif (drum plotter)
•
www.sericol.com/imaging/website/ Equipment/Equipment.htm (flatbed plotter)
•
www.piranhatech.com/images/products/ black%20speakers.jpg (black speakers)
•
www.pcsuppliesuk.co.uk/cgi-bin/ CatPics/speakers.jpg (speakers)
•
www.cdromshop.com/cdshop/ img/p.080236102600.jpg (headphones)
•
www.hayesmicro.com/ graphics/modem.jpg (external modem)
•
www.servicioalpc.com/ images/modem.jpg(internal modem)
•
www.vrttechweb.com/.../ Hard%20Drive%20Failure.htm (hard drive inside)
•
www.emperorlinux.com/ acc_memory.html (RAM)
•
www.hddrecovery.com.au/ (hard drive close up)
•
www.gadgetguru.com/ ReplayTV%20Hard%20Drive.jpg (hard drive in motherboard)
•
www.bophoto.com/WinCE/ Articles/Floppy.html (discs)
•
www.pclincs.co.uk/acatalog/ floppy%20drive.jpg (floppy drive)
•
www.ultrared.com/cdmanu.htm (CD)
Citations Con’t
•
www.insectria.org/ b128/rom.jpg (ROM)
•
www.help-net.com/.../ picture_tour_of_a_computer.htm (outside of hard drive)
•
http://computer.howstuffworks.com/motherboard2.htm (motherboard)
•
www.tomshardware.com/howto/01q1/ 010212/socket5-06.html (cache memory)
•
itdc.lbcc.cc.ca.us/saltweb/ hardware/jaz.html (Jaz Drive)
•
www.amr-solutions.com/ what-we-do_hardware.htm (Jaz Drive with disk)
•
www.macdevcenter.com/.../mac/2002/ 09/13/pc_peripherals.html (Zip Drive)
•
www.humanities.mcmaster.ca/ ~hccrs/HARDWARE.HTM (expansion cards & definition)
•
www.cheap-computers-guide.com/ images/cpu-installation.jpg (CPU Installation)
•
www.xanthosmicrosystems.com/ ~joachim/pvax-cpu.jpg (CPU up close)
•
www.linksys.com/tech_helper/ tempimages/nic.jpg (NIC up Close)
•
www.accton.com/.../product/nic/ images/nic_en1048-t_all.gif (NIC)
•
www.orblanhouse.com/ orb/maquinas.asp (Optical mouse)
•
www.macdirectory.com/Reviews/ Input/Index2.html (Pablo - graphics tablet)
•
www.eswack.com/cart/ en-us/dept_61.html (CD ROM Drive)
•
members.aol.com/lucifer127/ thanks.htm (thanks pic)
•
www.zooish.com/Cartoons.htm (hand waving)
Thank you for
viewing my
slideshow