Transcript Inquiry 1 Sedentarization

Homework for Term 1
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Page 6 # 3 & 4
Page 11 # 1-4 (skip last statement)
Page 12 # 5 & 7
Page 13 # 12
Page 15 # 1
Page 16 # 2, 3, 4 & 5
Page 19 # 2
Page 20 # 3
Page 21 # 7 & 9
Sedentary people first began building permanent villages
around 8 000 BC.
These lands were fertile*.
*This meant the soil was good to grow crops (vegetation).
Agriculture (farming) was born! Humans had
developed the techniques to cultivate* plants.
*Cultivate means to prepare and work on (land) in
order to raise crops.
Palaeolithic people: (People of the Stone Age)
 They constantly searched for food. This made them
predators!
 They were forced to follow the migration (movement)
of animals and could not build permanent shelter
(houses). This made them nomads!
 Nomads relocated once they ran out of food. This
meant they had to move to a different location.
They lived in small groups (10-30 people).
Survival depended on successful hunting (men) and
gathering (women).
From nomadic to sedentary life:
(From constantly moving around to settling down):
Around 8,000 BC humans began to cultivate plants.
How did they discover these agricultural (farming)
techniques?
Humans observed that new plants grew where the
seeds were left on the ground.
Nomads followed migration of animals
Humans invented tools in order to perform certain
tasks in agriculture.
Such tools included: hoe, sickle, grinder and rubbing
stone.
Land Development:
Farmers settled near fields to grow crops.
Villages were protected by high walls.
Villages held 150-200 people.
Ex: Village of Catal Huyuk around 6,000 BC.
Village of Catal
The village of Catal Huyuk is located in Turkey.
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One of the world’s oldest
villages
Approx. 7000 people
Square or rectangular
houses
Attached houses
No streets
Painted frescos (drawings)
decorated interior walls
Used ladders
Houses made from sundried bricks
Livestock kept near homes
in an enclosed area
Neolithic people produced many sculptures of plump
women (i.e. Mother Goddess).
Women were valued because they bore children.
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Villagers started claiming and owning land because
fertile land became valuable.
What is a skilled trade (job)?
 Skilled trade – A job that is carried out by someone
who can do something well; technique, ability.
 Skills are perfected by lots of practice or usually
learned in school.
Population Increase:
Crops and livestock (farm animals) ensured food on
the table.
Families grew in numbers because of this.
Social Division of Labour:
Men and women performed different tasks.
The types of jobs given to people were based on their
talents and abilities.
Ex: Mining, basketry, pottery, weaving and
metallurgy.
Specialized skills led to new social groups; such as
soldiers, miners, and artisans.
Artisans (craftsmen) also known as trades-people.
Why?
Once they made it, they could trade it!
They made bricks, containers, baskets, tools and
fabrics.
Trade:
It was common to trade vegetables for tools!
Food surpluses (extra food) led to trade within
the village itself and between different regions.
Commercial Trade:
Merchants travelled
hundreds of km to trade
with other regions.
Bartered (trade) objects
for other objects.
We needed to be well-organized and have strong
leadership to clear land, irrigate fields, harvest crops,
etc.
Neolithic villages were politically organized.
A single leader, advised by
his close family
He controlled the village;
coordinated all work
The heads of each family (men), held meetings to
make important decisions on behalf of the village.
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Some jobs required special skills.
Skilled jobs were highly valued.
Having villagers who mastered these skills was
important because they knew how to perform a
specific service or task well.
Skilled workers had more power than peasants.