Transcript Transportation Management, Intelligent Transportation

Transportation
Management, Intelligent
Transportation Systems,
and Other Adaptations to
Maturity in the Highway
Sector
David Levinson
Why Transportation
Systems (Supply)
Management
• We have largely built out existing transportation network (SCurve).
• Highways are a mature system.
• More efficient (faster, safer, greater person flows (and
vehicle flows)) use of existing transportation facilities
without significant new construction.
• Complements TDM strategies - but not aimed at reducing
demand.
Identify TSM Tools
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High Occupancy Vehicle Lanes (HOV Lanes)
High Occupancy Toll Lanes (HOT Lanes)
Bus Priority Lanes, Queue Jumpers, Signal Pre-emption
Park and Ride Lots
Ramp Meters
Highway Helpers
Variable Message Signs
Electronic Toll Collection
Highway Access Management
Other “Intelligent Transportation Systems”
Other
What are advantages,
disadvantages of each
• Table:
TSM Measure
Advantages
Disadvantages
Background
Ramp Metering in the Twin Cities
• 443 ramp meters in the metro area;
• Zonal control;
• Long delays at some ramps;
• All meters were shut off for 8 weeks from Oct. to Dec., 2000.
No. of
Ramp 600
Meters
400
200
0
1968 1974 1980 1986 1992 1998 2004
Year
Overview
1.
TDM
a.
b.
2.
Tools and techniques
a.
3.
What is it?
Who are the players?
Effectiveness?
Strategies for implementation
Understanding the
jargon
TDM
TMA or
TMO
TRO or
TDM plan
TDM: What is it?
• Demand driven…even demand oriented
• Attractive strategy (akin to least cost planning)
– “reduces resource requirements (e.g., oil for fuel) on
the input side of the balance sheet and the
magnitude of waste material (e.g., air pollution) on
the output side of the equation.
– Increase the efficiency of the transportation system at
little cost
Different Types of TDM
Alternative work schedules
Staggered
Flex time
Four-day week
Telecommuting
Alternative modes
Carpools
Vanpools
Subscription buses
Parking management
Preferential parking
Parking pricing
Parking ratios
Park-n-rides
Road Pricing
Preferential HOV lanes
Congestion pricing
Transit
Employer sponsored
Employer subsidized
Land use zoning
Higher densities
Mixed use development
TOD
Issues/dimensions to
understand
• Suitability of the metro area?
• Likely travel impacts
– For what type of travel (reductions in SOV use, trip generation,
VMT or increases in transit use?)
• Costs
– For whom?
• Levels of acceptance
• Difficulty of implementation
Costs of
Telecommunications?
• May induce travel
• May induce leapfrog development in the
hinterland
• May encourage “lone eagles”
• Role of the Web?
• Long term effectiveness?
Implementation:
Transportation
Management
Organizations and TROs
Products, Services,
Facilitation from TMO
• Ridesharing information and assistance (e.g.,
computerized carpool matchlists)
• Transit information and assistance (e.g., route
maps and bus schedules)
• Convenience incentives (e.g., parking spaces)
• Financial incentives (e.g., transit pass subsidies)
• Program operations (e.g., vanpools)
• Alternative work schedules
• On-site amenities (e.g., child day care)
• Facilities improvements (e.g., bicycle lockers)
Case study:
Minneapolis
• Current situation:
– 60,000 parking stalls (city owns two-thirds of them)
– 145,000 people work Downtown (roughly 2/3 use transportation
alternatives)
• New Comprehensive Plan and Zoning Code codified
specific TDM Plan requirements (’99).
– New developments > 100,000 sf produce a TDM Plan. Also, Public
Works still exercises its blanket authority to require plans for
smaller projects if warranted
– What is in the TDM plan?