Intelligent Transportation Systems in the U.S.: An Overview of Recent Developments

August 25, 2003

Tome Tanevski

Graduate Research Assistant George Mason University

Presentation Outline

    

Federal

   

Historical Context Reauthorization ITS Program Deployment

States

  Budget Shortfalls Key Concerns

Private Sector Snapshot

 ETC  Telematics

Long-Term Vision Cost/Benefit Analysis

  

ITS in Historical Context

New Federalism & the Interstate Hwy System ISTEA (Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act) (1991)



Shift to Maintenance of Highway System

   

Christened ITS Revamped Funding Process → Stakeholder Participation Broader Est. ITS Program DOT Mandate: ITS Research, Development, & Deployment – Policy Imperative: Intermodalism Nat’l ITS Architecture: Components I. Research on Systems Architecture II. Adv Metro Travel Management III. Adv Rural Transport IV. Commercial Vehicle Operations V. Adv Collision-Avoidance & Vehicle Safety VI. Automated Hwy Systems

ITS in Historical Context



TEA21 (Transportation Efficiency Act for 21 st Century) (1998)

● Promoted Widespread Use of ITS ● Required ITS Projects Conform to Nat’l ITS Plan ● Provided Guaranteed Funding to States ● DOT Est. the Joint Program Office (JPO)

Reauthorization of TEA-21

Key Concerns :   

Funding

 Most Controversial Issue   Extremely Tight Budget Environment Proposals Range up to $60 Billion/Year (from $31.8 Billion FY-2003)

Security

  Greater Attn. on Security Aspects of ITS Due to 2001 Terrorist Attacks & War in Afghanistan & Iraq Fiercer Competition for Funds b/w ITS & Traditional Special “Pavement” Interests

Traffic Congestion



Environmental Streamlining

Reauthorization of TEA-21

 Safe, Accountable, Flexible, and Efficient Transportation Equity Act of 2003 (SAFETEA) – Administration’s Proposal ● ● Raises ITS Program Funding Proposes $247 Billion Over Six Years ● ● Notes ITS-A’s “INTI” Concept – Recognizes Need for Integration Transport Network iFlorida (DOT funded model deployment Based on INTI)  Senate and House Funding Proposals Vary from $311 and $375 Billion Respectively  Budget Resolution Passed in April: Capped Spending at $283 Billion ● Provides Leeway for Additional Tax Revenue Measure  ITS Security Aspects Playing Large Role

      

ITS Deployment

Toll collection lanes w/ETC – 73% Toll collection plazas w/ETC – 94% Toll agencies share common toll tag – 60% Freeway management agencies disseminating info to public – 26% Transit operators accept ETC tags for fare payment – 5% Arterial signal timing adjusted in response to real-time incident info – 31% Transit routes & schedules adjusted based on real-time freeway condition information – 18%  Fixed route vehicles with AVL – 35% http://itsdeployment2.ed.ornl.gov/its2002/default.asp

Long-Term ITS Vision

ITS-America Proposal: National Intelligent Transportation Systems Program Plan: A Ten-Year Vision (2002)  Integrated Network of Transportation Information (INTI)*   “Anytime/Anywhere” Requires Extensive Public-Private Partnerships  Advanced Crash-Avoidance Technologies  Thrust: Technology Driven (Less Reliant on Human Factors)  Automatic Crash and Incident Detection, Notification and Response  Widespread Deployment of Onboard Collision Notification Devices and National Wireless Enhanced 911 Network  Advanced Transportation Management  Automation of Commercial and Public Transport Vehicles

the States

 Own and Operate Most Highways  Rising Security and Safety Concerns and Traffic Congestion in Urban Centers Creating Strong Incentive/Demand for ITS  Majority of States Affected By Substantial Budgetary Crises Traditional “Pavement” Special Interests vs. ITS Expenditures??

 Highway Funding is Buffered – Federal Support

ETC Snapshot

 ETC Market Revenues – Self-Generated  Approximately 15 Million Tags in Use  Amounts to 7% of Passenger Vehicle Fleet  No National Standard  FCC Allocated 5.9 GHz Spectrum for ITS Operations (Oct. ’99) – No Rules re. Use, Services, Terms of Operations  E-ZPass Dominates – Controls Over ½ of Market  May Become Nat’l de facto Standard  Intro of HOT Lanes and Opening HOV Lanes to Toll Collection Could Help Address Congestion

Telematics Snapshot

Telematics Snapshot

 GM’s OnStar: Most Successful Commercial Application (In-Vehicle Unit) in U.S.

 Ford’s WingCast (Successor to RESCU) was Cancelled Before Rollout in 2002  U.S. TM Market: Lags Behind Europe & Japan; Expected to Become the Largest  Market Fragmentation, Lack of Standards & Id of Customer Preferences . . . Among Factors for Slow Takeoff

Availability of Telematics in U.S., Europe, and Japan

USA

1M navigation systems 3.5M TM enabled autos

W. Europe

2M+ navigation systems <50K TM enabled autos

Japan

6M+ navigation systems <40K TM-enabled autos Source: Telematics Research Group, Inc. (February 2002)

Availability of Telematics Hardware

# of Model with TM # of Trim Levels w/TM # of Trims w/standard TM Ave Cost of TM Hardware Average Cost of TSP (per/yr)

N. America

103 606 305 $1,663 $212

W. Europe

66 874 18 $1,787 $235 Source: Telematics Research Group, Inc. (August 27, 2002)

Japan

68 402 0 $2,246 $145



North American Telematics Trends

Automotive Telematics

2001 2002 # Vehicle Manufacturers Offering Telematics 12 15 # of Model Lines Offering Telematics Average Vehicle Price 51 $40,166 67 $41,704 2003 19 90 $38,496 Average Price of Telematics $2,218 $1,900 $1,238 Sales of Telematics-Enabled Autos 1,630,000 2,020,000 Source: Telematics Research group (January 2003).

2,450,000

ITS Cost-Benefit Analysis

 Govt. Agencies and Businesses Use the Benefit-Cost Ratio to Evaluate and Compare Capital Investment Projects  ITS Community Has Been Criticized for Poor PR Re. Benefits  ITS Project Evaluation is an Emerging Area of Research  Increasingly Being Evaluated  No Clear Consensus

For Further Information

ITS Benefits & Units Cost Database -Since 1994, USDOT (and Mirtetek Systems) has been collecting information on the impact of ITS projects on the operation of the surface transportation network

Website: http://www.benefitcost.its.dot.gov/ITS/benecost.ns

f/byLink/home