Sociology Chapter 18.1
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Transcript Sociology Chapter 18.1
WarmUp: Review
Open your books to Chapter 3, Section 3
& identify the 6 factors of social change
discussed in that section.
In your journals, copy & summarize each
of those factors.
Chapter 18.1
Social Change & Modernization
Objectives
Summarize
the theories that
social scientists have offered to
explain the process of social
change.
Explain how theories of social
change have evolved.
Social Change
alterations
in various
aspects of
society
over time
Spengler & Sorokin
CYCLICAL
THEORY
Cyclical Theory of Social Change
views change
from a historical
perspective
assumes natural
stages of
development
likely to gain
popularity during
periods of
upheaval
Oswald Spengler
German historian
deeply troubled by
WWI
wrote Decline of
the West
◦ asserted that West
was well into
decline in the 1900s
& collapse was
inevitable
Pitirim Sorokin
Russian-American
sociologist
presented 2
extreme forms of
culture
◦ ideational culture:
truth & knowledge
sought through faith
& religion
◦ sensate culture:
people seek
knowledge through
science
Early & Modern
EVOLUTIONARY
THEORY
Evolutionary Theory of Social
Change
views
change as a process that
moves in one direction – toward
increasing complexity
Early Evolutionary Theories
1800s: believed
that all societies
progress through
the same distinct
stages of social
development
stages should
improve over time
justified political &
social conditions in
Europe & U.S.
Modern Evolutionary Theories
said
that
societies have a
“tendency” to
become more
complex over
time
attempts to see
why societies
change
EQUILIBRIUM
THEORY
Equilibrium Theory of Social
Change
built on
functionalist idea
that society
resembles a living
organism
occurs as society
adapts to maintain
stability after a
change in one area;
involves
differentiation &
integration
Marx & Class Conflict,
Dahrendorf & Social Conflict
CONFLICT
THEORY
Conflict Theory of Social Change
change results from conflicts between
groups with opposing interests
Karl Marx & Class Conflict
all human history is history of class
conflict
most interested in how this occurs in
industrial societies
Ralf Dahrendorf & Social
Conflict
holds that
social conflict
can take many
forms
◦ racial, ethnic,
political,
religious,
labor, gender,
age, etc.
Social Change Through Technology:
Social Media & Climate Change
Participation culture, creativity &
social change
Do you agree with Gauntlett’s assertion that we need
to become more of a “making-and-doing culture” as
opposed to a “sit-back-and-be-told culture?” Why or
why not?
How do you think technology & social media will
influence social movements of the future?
Do you think that people will be happier & more
productive if they are engaged in the process of
creating? Why or why not?
What role will social media play in helping us
transition into a society that has to adapt to new
environmental challenges? What challenges might we
be facing?
CHAPTER 18: CLASSWORK
Page 470: #3-4
Page 479: #2-3
Page 480: #1-10 Identifying People & Ideas
Page 480: #1-6 Understanding Main Ideas
Page 481: #1-4 Building Social Studies Skills