Transcript Slide 1

Planning for Health
Emergency Management
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Learning Objectives
By the end of this module, the participant
should be able to:
 Describe the steps of emergency response
planning process in terms of inputs,
outputs and outcomes
 Create flowcharts for emergency response
planning
 To identify the various plans that must be
developed and the harmonization
between them
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
The differences:
Policy – what must be done
Guidelines – how to implement the policy – technical
how
Procedures – how to implement the policy –
administrative how
Protocols - step-by-step instructions to perform a given
activity
Plan – who does what when to implement policy
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
The relationship:
Mandates are needed to set policies
Policies are needed to define guidelines
and set procedures
Guidelines and procedures are needed
to make plans
“Policy for health emergency management is set at the
national or sub-national level, it is executed at the local
level”
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Example:
Policy - All victims of all sorts of emergencies or
disasters shall be searched, rescued, and managed timely
and appropriately
Guidelines – Case Definition of victims; Guidelines on
search, rescue, and case management
Procedures – Procedures of patient referral; emergency
procurement of drugs and medicines
Plans - Emergency Manager responsible for triaging;
Details on who does what, responsible persons; plan
changes from one facility to another;
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
THE CONTEXT OF COMMUNITY RISK MANAGEMENT
Public Safety
Risk Management
Hazard Prevention
Vulnerability Reduction
Emergency Preparedness
+
Emergency Management
Damage Assessment & Needs Analysis
Epidemiology & Reporting
Mass Casualty Management
Hospital Planning
Curative Care
Shelter & Security
Water & Sanitation
Control of Communicable Disease
Food & Nutrition
Reproductive Health
Psychosocial Needs
Medical Supplies & Logistics
Media & Public Information
Recovery and Rehabilitation
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
safer communities
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
6
From Policy, Guidelines and Procedures to
Community Plans
National
level
Policy, guidelines, procedures
Special plans
Mobilise extra-resources
Provincial
level
International org & assistance
Develop and implement
Vulnerability reduction plans
Emergency response plans
Community level
Preparedness programs
National & provincial levels = support communities in their work
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
What are the Emergency Management
Plans?
 Emergency Preparedness Program/Plan
o Hazard Reduction Program
o Vulnerability Reduction Program
o Emergency Preparedness (Capacity Building Program)
 Emergency Response Plan
 Contingency Plan
 Business Continuity Plan
 Recovery/Rehabilitation Plan
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Defining the various plans:
National Plan –
 multi-sectoral plan
 developed for the situations that are not under the
direct responsibility of regional and local authorities
 coordination, resource mobilization, information
management
 includes contingency plan
 includes all the regional plans
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Defining the various plans:
Regional Plan –
 multi-sectoral plan
 developed for the situations that are not under the
direct responsibility of local authorities
 coordination, resource mobilization, information
management, service delivery
 includes contingency plan
 includes all the local plans
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Defining the various plans:
Local Plan –
multi-sectoral and multi-disciplinary plan
developed for local situations
operationalize the national policy and guidelines
coordination, resource mobilization, information
management, service delivery, etc.
 includes contingency plan
 includes business continuity plan




First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
National
Plan
Regional
Plan
Regional
Plan
Local
Plan
Local
Plan
Local
Plan
Local
Plan
Regional
Plan
Local
Plan
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Local
Plan
Context of emergency plans for a
community
Community Risk
Management Plan
Hazard
Specific
Plans
Sectoral
Plans
Provincial Emergency
Disaster Plans
Agencies
Specific Plans
(hospitals)
National Emergency
Disaster Plan
IntersectoralFirst
inNational
natureCourse on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Disaster Management is:
80% generic
to all disasters
1. Organization
5% unique
to the hazard
to the event
earthquake
EOC
coordination
communications
transport
logistics and supplies
information and media
reporting and surveillance
large numbers of trapped and injured
large numbers of homeless and displaced
large numbers of dead and missing
dead, injured and missing staff
damaged critical infrastructure / resources (hospitals, vehicles)
loss of water, gas, electricity, phone, transport, fuel networks
loss of road, sea, air, rail infrastructure / access
2. Response
search and rescue
evacuation
mass casualty management
management of dead and missing
security
temporary shelter, clothing and utensils
emergency water, sanitation and energy
emergency food supplies
emergency public and environmental health
emergency engineering and public works
management of donated supplies / foreign teams
3. Recovery
long period of SAR, victim extraction
high demand for FA, stretchers, triage, medical transport
high demand for beds, surgery, blood products, referral
wound infections, amputations, tetanus, dust inhalation
high demand for orthotics, prosthetics, disability, dental
demand for specialized spinal and head injury care
high demand for temporary shelter, food, utensils, stoves,
water, energy, clothing, tents, blankets
high demand for psychosocial support of victims and staff
few outbreaks of communicable diseases
variable demand for medicines and equipment
(acute / chronic injury care - high, infectious disease - low,
potentially unstable chronic disease - medium)
curative and public health care
education
agriculture
trade and commerce
4. Rehabilitation and Reconstruction
people
property
services
livelihoods
environment
15% specific
contamination of water, air and soil
toxic chemical, sewerage and gas leaks / spills
urban fires, explosions
contaminated, infested and unsafe foods
increased vector breeding
time
place
weather
geography
climate
security
politics
economy
governance
emergency management capacity
logistics capacity
disposal of inappropriate donations
leadership
solidarity
morale
corruption
crime
looting
compensation claims
insurance claims
ownership disputes
property disputes
loss of livelihoods, markets, distribution networks
THIS IS WHAT WE PLAN FOR ….
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Planning for Emergencies
Planning based on risk analysis is planning for any
emergency, by predicting:
 what might happen
 when it might happen
 where it might occur
 how big it might be
 what effect it might have
 how long it might last (emergency + recovery period)
 What are the strategies to respond and recover
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Main characteristics
 Clear responsibilities (who, what, when, how, with
whom, where)
 All key stakeholders need to be involved in the planning
process, including:
agencies with disaster responsibilities
community members / groups
Institutions and legal authorities
Relevant to emergency events:
large scale; complex; relatively rare; hard to predict
Consequences of poor decisions can be acute
Scrutiny of mistakes is often in detail and in public
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Essential Services
The following sectors are involved in the
emergency planning process:
•
•
•
•
•
communications
police
relief and rescue
health
social welfare
• transport
• public works
• also agriculture, media,
education, fire, ambulance,
engineering, meteorology
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Health Sector Response Plan must deal with…..
Casualty management (first aid, triage, transport, pre-hospital
care, in-patient care, out-patient care)
Communicable disease control (surveillance, tracking, treatment,
prophylaxis, isolation and quarantine)
Continuity of delivery of critical services for emergency patients
Management of the dead and missing
Management of information (public information; support
activities; health info system)
Mental health
Environmental health
Reproductive health
Public health programs (continuity of essential programs)
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
THE EMERGENCY PLANNING
PROCESS
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Elements of Hospital Preparedness, Response
and Recovery Plan
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
Background
Plan description
Goals and objectives
Planning Group
Emergency Preparedness Plan
 Hazards prevention
 Vulnerabilities reduction
 Risk reduction (capacity development)
VI. Management Structures
VII. Roles and responsibilities
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Elements of Hospital Preparedness, Response
and Recovery Plan
VIII.
Response Plan


IX.
X.
Policies, guidelines, procedures, protocols for the
developed systems
Response, Contingency, Business Continuity plan
Recovery and Reconstruction Plan



Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis
Post-incident evaluation
Recovery and rehabilitation Plan based on lessons
learned
Annexes
Glossary
Abbreviations
Directory of contact persons
Inventory of resources of hospital and partner agencies
Hospital policies, guidelines, protocols, and other issuances
relevant to emergency or disaster management
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Planning
Process
Analyze resources
Define the plan
Form Planning Group
Describe Roles and
Responsibilities
Hazard Analysis
Vulnerability Analysis
Describe Management
Structure
Risk Analysis
Problems/Gaps Analysis
Develop Strategies and
Systems
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
“Hospital Emergency Preparedness, Response
and Recovery Plan Development ‘08”
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
The Planning Process
 Determine the authority responsible for the process
 Establish a planning committee and objectives;
management structure of the process
Assign responsibilities
 Conduct a risk assessment - hazards and community
vulnerabilities (core elements)
 Identify and analyse capacities and resources
 Stakeholders analysis
 Develop strategies, emergency management
systems and arrangements
 Document the plan
 Test the plan;
 Disseminate the plan
 Review and update the plan on a regular basis
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Background
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Name of the agency and address
Geographic description (location: Low lying area? Etc.)
Demographic profile of catchments communities
Community Profile
Health statistics (IMR, MMR, etc.)
Health facilities found in the municipality/city
Available health services
Manpower complementation
Disasters responded/managed
Legal issuances establishing authority in HEM
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Significance:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
Picture of the site and location of the hospital
Catchments areas provided with hospital services
Health resources in and around the hospital
Existing capacity and capability of the hospital
Partner agencies around the hospital
Anticipated hazards as basis for hospitals’ capacity
and capability building
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Define Plan
 Determine the aim, objectives and scope of the




planning process
Identify the tasks to be performed, and the
resources needed
Identification of the framework in which
emergencies will be managed
legislation policy and guidelines must be
considered
and the resources that will be required:
stakeholders / agencies, etc.
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Plan Definition
 Brief description of the content of the plan
 Specific intentions relevant to set goals and objectives.
 Include the coverage, scope and limitations.
 Include the legal basis whereby the hospital is authorized to
act in disaster situations
 Legal issuances detailing the roles and functions of
hospitals in managing all phases of emergencies or
disasters
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Scope of the Plan
Significance:
Who will implement the plan
Extent of implementation including limitations
Goals and Objectives
 Give the purpose of the plan from a broader to more
specific perspectives.
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Review Planning Group/Committee
 Key Stake-holders to be represented
 multi-disciplinary teams are essential to ensure
sufficient expertise
 must have appropriate authority
 political and economic circumstances may
influence choice of members
 social and cultural issues must be considered
 there must be an efficient reporting system
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Planning Group/Committee




Planning Committee include major stakeholders
Permanent or “AD HOC Group” which convenes only for
emergency planning purposes.
This group shall be created through an order.
Roles and functions of the planning group/committee
 Develops, reviews and updates the HEPRRP
 Gathers required information and gain commitment of
key people and organizations
 Initiates testing of the plan for its functionality and
adaptability to current situation
i.
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Example of Planning Committee Structure
Director/Designate
Representative
from areas of
operation
Representative
from
Administrative
Division
Representative
from Planning
Division
Representative
from the
Finance Division
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Risk Analysis
 planning group should know result of vulnerability
analysis (at least core elements)
 technique for identifying preventive and mitigation
strategies; response and recovery strategies for
identified problems
 systematic breakdown of the problem into its
components
 techniques involves:
o hazard analysis / vulnerability/risk assessment
/ developing response and recovery strategies /
mitigation
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Preparedness Program –
Reminder

An integrated set of long-term, multisectoral development activities
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Preparedness Program
Goal: to achieve an increasing level of “readiness” within
communities to cope with any situation which demands an
emergency response, using their own resources. This
requires the development and maintenance of :
1.
Political authority, policy for EM
2.
Plans and Procedures for EM and Recovery training and
education
3.
Institutional and human resources for EM
4.
Public awareness & education
5.
System for the collection, analysis and distribution of
information related to emergencies
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
ANATOMY OF COMMUNITY RISK MANAGEMENT
hazard
indicators:
probability
scale/magnitude/
strength/intensity
spread
duration
biological hazards:
season, infectivity,
latency, transmission
resistance, etc.
natural phenomena
famine
diseases of epidemic
potential
events/crowds
intoxification
infestations
transport accidents
structural failures
industrial accidents
chemical accidents
pollution
refugees
war
terrorism
community

vulnerability
indicators:
People:
access to health care
measles vaccination
under 5 nutrition
under 5 mortality
access to clean water
access to sanitation
adequate housing
employment/ income
female literacy
Property:
health infrastructure
vehicles
medical supplies
Services:
curative care services
ambulance services
public health services
health info system
Environment:
water/soil/air quality
readiness
Community
risk
=
multisectoral, all hazards
indicators:
indicators:
policy, plans, procedures
knowledge, skills, attitudes
resources
legislation
national & sectoral policy
administrative procedures
response & recovery plans
preparedness plans
technical guidelines
management structure
institutional managements
information systems
warning systems
human resources
material resources
financial resources
simulations & training
education
public information
community participation
research
publications
risk of:
death
injury (mental/
physical)
disease
(mental/physical)
loss of life
displacement
loss of property
loss of income
secondary hazards
breakdown in
security
damage to
infrastructure
breakdown in
services
Contamination
Prevention & Mitigation
Vulnerability Reduction
Emergency Preparedness
Community Risk
=


Programme
Programme
Programme
Management
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Preparedness Program
Plan to build response capacity:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Policies, Protocols, Guidelines and Procedures
Plans
People (Human Resource development)
Promotion and Advocacy
Partnership Building
Physical (Facility Enhancement)
Program Development
Practices documentation
Peso (Finance) and Logistics
Package of Services
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Resource Analysis
why?
to ensure that PRR strategies can be supported
to ensure that preparedness is coordinated
to ensure cooperation between agencies
to know who is responsible for supplying
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Organizational Capacity
 implemented selectively by those agencies
which have been delegated that
responsibility by the Government or by the
community
 it is vital that…..agencies……





professionally managed
adequately resourced
highly trained
demonstrated competence
emergency management family
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Assessment of Response Capacity of the
Health Sector
mandate and authority to deliver relief (scope of
responsibility)
management and command structure (coordination
among stakeholders)
competencies of staff (knowledge and skills and ability)
the availability and accessibility of information
the existence and relevance of plans
the existence and relevance of procedures
the networking of the plans of the Health Sector with the
plans of the other sectors
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Step 5: Roles and Responsibilities
 should be defined & described to ensure that
each organization knows precisely what is expected
of it and that everyone is aware of the general roles
of all relevant organizations
 multi-sectoral approach for national disaster plan
key issues:
o Information management
o resource management
o evacuation
o specific situation such as hazardous material…
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Response Plan
It is important to have Emergency Response Plan:
 to have an orchestrated, timely, and appropriate
response actions
 to save lives and reduce sufferings of the affected
population
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Response Plan
A plan containing description of:






Responsibilities
Command & coordination mechanism
Management structures
Resource management
Information management and communication
Training and exercises
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Difference between Emergency Response
Planning and Routine Planning
ERP focuses on:
Coordination and management systems of resources
from several sectors
emergency management and incident management
systems
Management of information
arrangements for intra-sectoral and inter-sectoral
coordination of activities and mobilization of resources
(surge capacity)
What are the characteristics of routine planning in your
field of activity?
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Key characteristics of an ERP
Emergency Response Plan and Recovery Plan
an agreed set of arrangements for
responding to, and
recovering from emergencies
plans involve the description of
responsibilities
management structures
resource and information management
Logistics management
Training and exercises
plans focus on protecting life, property and environment
outcomes
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Core Elements of an Emergency Response Plan
Management Structures
Incident Commander
Safety Officer
Public Info. Officer
Liaison Officer
Operations
Logistics
Planning
Administrative/
Finance
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
“Hospital Emergency Preparedness, Response
and Recovery Plan Development ‘08”
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Response Plan Development
A response plan will define and discuss :
• a line of authority and clear responsibilities of all
the stakeholders involved
• the management systems: ICP; EOC; EEC
• the communications system
• alert and warning mechanisms
• public information arrangements
• resource management (human, financial and material)
• Monitoring, reporting and accounting arrangements
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Core Elements of an Emergency Response Plan
Emergency Response Policies, Guidelines, Procedures
and Protocols
a.Activation of Code Alert System
b.Activation of the Plan
c.Incident Command System
d.Activation of the EOC
e.Information Management System
f.MHPSS
g. Security system
h.Public Information System
i. Coordination, networking and referral system
j. Provision of public health services
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Core Elements of an Emergency Response Plan
Emergency Management Policies, Guidelines,
Procedures and Protocols
k. Infection Control
l. System to upscale services in case of surge of patients
m. System on drills/simulation exercises
n. Stockpiling of emergency medicines and supplies
o. Logistics management system
p. Decontamination procedures
q. Management of the dead and missing persons during
disasters
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Core Elements of an Emergency Response Plan
Emergency Management Policies, Guidelines,
Procedures and Protocols
p. restoration of critical services
a.Electrical supply and back-up generators
b.Drinking water supply and alternate sources
c.Fuel reserves
d.Back-up communication system
e.Wastewater and solid waste water treatment
f.Fire suppression
q. SOP on managing volunteers and donations
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Recovery and Reconstruction Plan
 Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis
 Post-incident Management
 Medium-term and long term recovery, reconstruction,
and development plan
 Multi-sectoral initiative (education, agriculture, public
works etc.)
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Next Actions
1. Write the Plan and have it approved by the head of the
agency. The Plan is not a plan until written and
approved by the head of agency
2. Disseminate the plan to all the stakeholders and staff.
Everyone needs to know the plan so that in emergency
no one would ever say, “he does nothing cause he
knows nothing”.
3. Test the plan. The plan is believed to be effective only
when it is tested, be able to know its functionality,
acceptability, and doability in the hands of the
implementers.
4. Update the plan
4. Implement the plan.
5. Monitor and evaluate the implementation of the plan
6. Review and update the plan regularly.
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
After the Plan has been developed
It is essential to:
 simulate an emergency to test the plan
 familiarise all staff with the plan
 brief all new staff about the plan
 familiarise local government, emergency services
and the community with the plan
 train those staff with special roles and
responsibilities in the plan
 review and update the plan after an emergency,
after each simulation and whenever new resources
are acquired
 conduct regular exercises
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Evaluate the Plan
How do we know a plan is a functional plan?
 it meets the national planning criteria and policy ?
 it conforms to the national planning format ?
 it has been developed through a true emergency
planning process (from vulnerability analysis up to
participation of end-users) ?
 it is tested, validated and regularly exercised ?
 all key staff are familiar with the details of the plan
and know their responsibilities ?
WHAT DO YOU WANT TO ADD?
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Other areas of enquiry:
1. Timeliness (as well as appropriateness)
2. Connectedness (and coordination)
3. Coherence (fits into the medium and long
term plans of the government)
4. Preparedness ( preparedness activities and
the effectiveness of the activities undertaken)
5. Evaluating the effectiveness of emergency
preparedness programmes in normal times
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Outputs of the intersectoral emergency
planning process
A set of emergency response plans – who does
what when using existing capacity:
search and rescue plan
evacuation / temporary shelter plan
mass casualty plan / hospital plans
sectoral relief plans (food, water, health, lifelines etc.)
security plans
Mitigation; EWS (MCM: all hazards)
A disaster recovery and reconstruction plan
(education, agriculture, public works etc.)
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
MONITORING
INPUT
Resource
Requirement
PROCESS
OUTPUT
Strategies/
Activities
Performance
Indicators
OUTCOME
Impact
Indicators
EVALUATION
(Intervention)
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Relevance
Impact
Coverage
Timeliness
Connectedness
Coherence
Preparedness
Evaluation Process
INPUT
PROCESS
OUTPUT
Resource
Requiremen
t
OUTCOME
Strategies/
Activities
Performance
Indicators
Impact
Indicators
EVALUATION
(Intervention)
Effectivenes
s
Efficiency
Relevance
Impact
Coverage
Timeliness
Connectedness
Coherence
Preparedness
Effectiveness
 achieving objectives
 doing the right thing right
 includes cost- effectiveness
Efficiency
 doing it right with as few resources as
possible (effort, time, money, people, material)
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Relevance/Appropriateness
 doing the right thing in the right way at
the right time
Impact
 doing the right thing
 changing the situation more profoundly
and in longer term
Coverage
 the extent to which interventions reach
the intended target population
 linked to effectiveness
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Outcomes of the emergency planning process
The planning process is a sequence of steps
whereby a planning entity (e.g. government,
community) agrees on ways to enhance and protect
its own safety. It is an interactive and iterative
process that should lead to:
 better understanding of the roles and responsibilities
of all members of the community in prevention,
mitigation, and response
 greater awareness of risk reduction in the community
 higher levels of readiness to respond and to recover
 an emergency response plan and a recovery plan
(and contingency plans when relevant)
 increased public safety (including for the health
sector such as safer hospitals, etc.)
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Common Planning Mistakes
 the plan (paper document) is given more
importance than the planning process itself
 not key community members (or staff of the
institutional plan) are aware of the existence of a plan
 revision is overlooked
 emergency planning is not integrated into normal
activities (integration strategy) whenever possible
 different plans are developed for different hazards
by different agencies – the all hazards approach should
be preferred (no synergy; no compatibility)
 no or weak training programs
 what do you want to add?
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Common Planning Mistakes
Plans are out of date as soon as they are published
PLANS NEED REGULAR REVIEW
Procedures, policies and guidelines are needed to
guide the planning process at local level
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Risk Management –
Principles for Agencies
goal :
to increase efficiency, effectiveness, readiness and
integration of the agency into the overall organization
of the emergency management process and system
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Principles for Agencies and emergency
planning needs
Objectives :
 to improve the decision making process at all levels
(within agency)
 to facilitate the choice of the most suitable strategies
 to rely on specific decision making procedures
 to ensure efficient communication :
–internal and external
 to ensure safety and well being of staff /community
 to promote and preserve the activities efficiency : synergy,
complementarities, adaptability, cooperation
 to promote adequate training : personnel / exercises….
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Risk management and Planning Principles for Agencies
Define the ERM policy
of the Agency
Enter the planning
process (ERM)
Allocation of required
resources of all kind
ERM process for an Agency
Monitoring –
reevaluation process
Implementation: activities
– role - functions
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Group Work Activity
Develop a Health Emergency Preparedness
Program, Response Plan, and Recovery Plan
for your respective area of responsibility:
1. Local Plan
2. Regional Plan
3. National Plan
For academic purposes, choose a hazard to
work on (All- hazard Approach)
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Updating the information on hazard
and vulnerabilities...
Why Emergency Response Plans must be regularly
revised ?
update the current political, social and economic situation
update hazard reduction, emergency preparedness and
vulnerability reduction activities in all sectors and by all
organisations
update changes in resources, systems and procedures
update early warning information system
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Early warning information...links
with Response Plans
The emergency response plans are useful only:
when they are activated
they are relevant and functional
They are efficiently used
So the early activation of the response plans is essential.
In many emergencies there is a time frame which allows
for early activation (floods; displacement of populations;
anticipated cold wave, start of an outbreak, etc.) and for
developing further mitigation measures (early warning is
critical)
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
68
The Roles of National Government (1)
The role of national authorities is to support local
planning processes by establishing the planning
framework:
 setting national policies for risk reduction, emergency
preparedness, emergency response and disaster recovery
 issuing technical guidelines and administrative procedures
for the process of planning and for the implementation of
the policy (contents of the plans, etc.)
 developing national plans (multi-sectoral; sectoral;
contingency) for those situations that are not under the
direct responsibility of local authorities
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
The Roles of National Government (2)
 developing procedures for how national resources
can be deployed in an emergency
 allocating funds to support the development of
new local capacity and for local risk reduction
 planning for those hazards that are not the
primary responsibility of local government e.g.
Security
 international cooperation and assistance
WHAT ARE THE PRESENT CONSTRAINTS IN YOUR
COUNTRY ?
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Main responsibilities of MOH in
emergency planning
 Reduce the vulnerabilities of its own infrastructures
andsystems: hospital mitigation; EMS System; etc.
Raise awareness first of the health staff
then of the general public (in collaboration with other
sectors)
Reduce health consequences of crisis and major
emergencies (core function of the health sector). A “health
emergency management program/unit” should be
institutionalised within the MOH; development of emergency
response plans
Assume its normative role and lead function (guidance) in
health (emergency preparedness and risk management)
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Overall strategy of the MOH








Integration strategy
Vulnerability reduction and hazard mitigation
Community risk management framework
Inter-sectoral cooperation
Planning based on existing resources (all types)
Decentralization of the response capacity
Community participation (and end-users)
Institutionalization of an emergency/disaster Unit within
the MOH
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
THANK YOU
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman