Transcript Slide 1

Recovery and Transition:
Building Resilient Community
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Learning Objectives
By the end of this course, the participant should be able to:
 Describe health needs, risks and services in disaster
recovery and reconstruction
 Discuss processes for recovery and reconstruction of
health services and infrastructure
 Discuss the opportunities for risk reduction and
health systems capacity development during disaster
recovery
 Explain Community Disaster Resilience
 Elaborate the elements of Resilient Community
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Disaster Recovery
Recovery
“... focuses on how best to restore the
capacity of the government and communities
to rebuild and recover from crisis and to
prevent relapses.
In so doing, recovery seeks not only to
catalyze sustainable development activities,
but also to build upon earlier humanitarian
programs to ensure that their inputs become
assets for development.”
(source: United Nations Development Program 2001)
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Recovery Phase
Emergency
Hazard
Community
Risks
People
Property
Environment
Services
Livelihood
(Vulnerable)
People
Property
Environment
Services
Livelihood
Recovery/
Rehabilitation
Disaster
Capacities used
To manage Risks,
(Damages, Losses
Needs)
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Exercise 1
What are the damages and losses
incurred in an earthquake disaster, the needs,
and the capacities utilized during the response
operations that we need to rebuild, recover for
the better?
Risks of Disaster
Areas for recovery
Needs for recovery
Partners
Damages
Losses
Other capacities
utilized
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Health Roles in Managing Risks Over Time
stage
immediate
timeframe
first 24
hours
general needs
search and rescue
evacuation / shelter
food
water
public information
system
health needs
first aid
triage
primary medical care
transport / ambulances
acute medical and surgical care
emergency communication, logistics and reporting systems (including injury and disability
registers)
security
emergency epidemiological surveillance for
energy (fuel, heating,
Vector Born Disease, Vaccine Preventable
light, etc.)
Disease, Diseases of Epidemic Potential
environmental health
control of disease of public health significance
services for:
control of acute intestinal and respiratory
•vector control
disease
shortend of first •personal hygiene
care of the dead
term
week
•sanitation, waste
disposal etc.
general curative services
nutritional surveillance and support (including
micronutrient supplementation)
measles vaccination and Vitamin A
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Health Roles in Managing Risks
stage
medium
term
long term
conclusion
timeframe
end of
first
month
general needs
protection (legal
and physical)
employment
public transport
public
communications
psychosocial
services
end of 3 education
months agriculture
environmental
protection
compensation /
reconstruction
health needs
(re) establishment of the health information system
restoration of preventive health care services such
as EPI, MCH, etc.
restoration of priority disease control programmes
such as TB, malaria, etc.
restoration of services of non-communicable
diseases / obstetrics
care of the disabled
reconstruction and rehabilitation
specific training programmes
health information campaigns / health education
programmes
disability and psychosocial care
evaluation of lessons learned
restitution /
rehabilitation
revision of policies, guidelines, procedures and plans
prevention and
preparedness
upgrade knowledge and skills, change attitudes
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Recovery - from Response to Development
RESPONSE
1. Saving Lives
2. Emergency Aid
3. Short term Intervention
4.Emergency Funding
5. Providing for the Community.
6. Emergency (Relief) Aid.
7. Spontaneous Interventions
8. Consumption Subsidy
9. Politicization of Emergencies.
10. Short Time Frame used advantageously.
1. Saving Livelihoods
2. Support to rehabilitation
3. Longer term planning
4. Combined Funding Proposals
TRANSITION
5. Working with the community
6. Integration of Relief Aid & Developmental Support
7. Appropriate Interventions
8. Building of Assets 9. Political Competence
10. Strengthening of Coping
Strategies
1. Building Livelihoods
2. Building Communities
3.Long Term Development
5. Understanding the community
7. Planned strategies.
9. Political Proficiency
10. Sustainability
4. Developmental Funding
6. Developmental Support
8. Investment Subsidy
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Q&A
“Opportunities in disasters”
What are the opportunities in recovery and
reconstruction that might be considered for
long-term capacity development?
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Some opportunities for development (of
health systems):
additional financial resources (national / international)
additional human resources (national / international)
lessons learned from experience, including gaps in
health system
demonstration and opportunities for training needs
reconstruction but “build back better”
social pressure and political will to reduce risk and
enhance capacity
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Response and Recovery
Sudden
Impact
Mitigation
Preparedness
1
2
Ongoing Development
3
ACTIVITY
Warning Indicators
(Flash Points)
5
4
Reconstruction
Rehabilitation
Rapid / Detailed Assessment
Emergency Relief
Search & Rescue
WARNING PHASE
EMERGENCY
PHASE
Months / Weeks / Hours
Days / Weeks
Rehabilitation / Recovery
Many Months
TIME
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
From Response to Recovery and Reconstruction
If there is no clear cut boundary
between responses and recovery
processes… this means:
Don’t wait, think ahead!
Build on the momentum of response to
anticipate longer-term recovery and
reconstruction.
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Medium-term Health
Considerations for the Recovery
Process
Some key health effects from disasters:
contamination of food and water supplies,
emotional stress,
epidemic diseases - diarrhoea, measles, etc.
endemic diseases
reduced health levels
 decline in nutritional status
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Long-term Health Considerations for
the Recovery Process
Psychosocial
Concurrent problem due to disaster: decrease in
mental health services, increase in incidence of
common mental health problems
•Psycho physiological
•Behavioral
•Emotional
•Cognitive
Emergency health care system addresses acute cases
and initiate long-term plan for community- based
psychological interventions.
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Q&A
What is your concept about Resilience
in the context of disaster management?
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Resilience
 The ability of a system, community or society exposed to
hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover
from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient
manner, including through the preservation and
restoration of its essential structures and functions
 ability to spring back from the impacts of disaster
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Resilience
 Resilience of a community in respect to potential
hazard events is determined by the degree to which
the community has the necessary resources and is
capable of organizing itself both to and during times
of need
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Q&A
Can you share us your concept of a Disaster Resilient
Community based on the definition given?
Differentiate Resilience from Capacity.
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Resilient Community
A resilient community has the capacity to:

absorb stress or destructive forces trough resistance
or adaptation
 manage or maintain certain basic functions and
structures during disasters
 recover or bounce back after and event
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Resilience vs. Capacity
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Resilience is generally seen as a broader concept than
capacity because it goes beyond the specific behavior,
strategies and measures for risk reduction and
management that are normally understood as capacities
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though in everyday usage, capacity and coping capacity
often mean the same as resilience
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focus of resilience – what communities can do for
themselves and how to strengthen their capacities
rather than concentrating on their vulnerability to
disaster or their needs in an emergency
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Resilient Community
“Disaster Resilient Community” is ideal that no
community can ever be completely safe from
natural and man-made hazards……!!!
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Components of Resilient Community
1. Governance
2. Risk Assessment
3. Knowledge and Education
4. Risk Management and Vulnerability Reduction
5. Disaster Preparedness and Response
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
1. Governance
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Policy, planning, priorities and political commitment
Legal and regulatory systems
Integration with development policies and planning
Integration with emergency response and recovery
Institutional mechanisms, capacities and structures;
allocation of responsibilities
 Partnership
 Accountability
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
2. Risk Assessment
 Hazards/Risks data assessment
 Vulnerability and impact data assessment
 Scientific and technical capacities and innovation
3. Knowledge and Education
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Public awareness, knowledge and skills
Information management sharing
Education and training
Cultures, attitudes, motivation
Learning and research
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
4. Risk Management and
Vulnerability Reduction
Environment and natural resource management
Health and well being
Sustainable livelihoods
Social protection
Financial instruments
Physical protection; structural and technical
measures
 Planning regimes
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First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
5. Disaster Preparedness and
Response
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Organizational capacities and coordination
Early Warning Systems
Preparedness and contingency planning
Emergency resources and infrastructure
Emergency response and recovery
Participation, volunteerism, accountability
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
ADPC Indicators of a Minimum level
of resilience
A community organization
 A DRR and disaster preparedness plan
 A community early warning system
 Trained manpower: risk assessment, search and rescue,
medical first aid, relief distribution, masons for safer
house construction, fire fighting
 Physical connectivity: roads, electricity, telephone, clinics
 Relational connectivity with local authorities, NGOs, etc.
 Knowledge of risks and risk reduction actions
 A community disaster reduction fund to implement
risk reduction activities
 Safer sources of livelihood
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First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Learning Objectives
By the end of this course, the participant should be able to:
 Describe health needs, risks and services in disaster
recovery and reconstruction
 Discuss processes for recovery and reconstruction of
health services and infrastructure
 Discuss the opportunities for risk reduction and
health systems capacity development during disaster
recovery
 Explain Community Disaster Resilience
 Elaborate the elements of Resilient Community
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Thank You
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman