Transcript Slide 1

Recovery and Transition:
Building Resilient Community
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Learning Objectives
By the end of this course, the participant should be able to:
 Describe health needs, risks and services in disaster
recovery and reconstruction
 Discuss processes for recovery and reconstruction of
health services and infrastructure
 Discuss the opportunities for risk reduction and
health systems capacity development during disaster
recovery
 Explain Community Disaster Resilience
 Elaborate the elements of Resilient Community
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Management Framework
Emergency/Disaster
Response
Preparedness
Recovery
Mitigation
Prevention
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Disaster Recovery
Recovery
“... focuses on how best to restore the
capacity of the government and communities
to rebuild and recover from crisis and to
prevent relapses.
In so doing, recovery seeks not only to
catalyze sustainable development activities,
but also to build upon earlier humanitarian
programs to ensure that their inputs become
assets for development.”
(source: United Nations Development Program 2001)
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Recovery Phase
Emergency
Hazard
Community
Risks
People
Property
Environment
Services
Livelihood
(Vulnerable)
People
Property
Environment
Services
Livelihood
Recovery/
Rehabilitation
Disaster
INFORMATION
Capacities used
To manage Risks,
(Damages, Losses
Needs)
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Emergency Response and Recovery
Sudden
Impact
Mitigation
Preparedness
1
2
Ongoing Development
3
ACTIVITY
Warning Indicators
(Flash Points)
5
4
Reconstruction
Rehabilitation
Rapid / Detailed Assessment
Emergency Relief
Search & Rescue
WARNING PHASE
EMERGENCY
PHASE
Months / Weeks / Hours
Days / Weeks
Rehabilitation / Recovery
Many Months
TIME
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Recovery - from Response to Development
RESPONSE
1. Saving Lives
2. Emergency Aid
3. Short term Intervention
4.Emergency Funding
5. Providing for the Community.
6. Emergency (Relief) Aid.
7. Spontaneous Interventions
8. Consumption Subsidy
9. Politicization of Emergencies.
10. Short Time Frame used advantageously.
1. Saving Livelihoods
2. Support to rehabilitation
3. Longer term planning
4. Combined Funding Proposals
TRANSITION
5. Working with the community
6. Integration of Relief Aid & Developmental Support
7. Appropriate Interventions
8. Building of Assets 9. Political Competence
10. Strengthening of Coping
Strategies
1. Building Livelihoods
2. Building Communities
3.Long Term Development
5. Understanding the community
7. Planned strategies.
9. Political Proficiency
10. Sustainability
4. Developmental Funding
6. Developmental Support
8. Investment Subsidy
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Damage Assessment and Needs Analysis
(DANA)
 a description of what has happened and what needs
to be done
 Direct damage
Damage Assessment and Loss Analysis
(DALA)
 includes quantification of direct, indirect, economic,
social, and psychological damage incurred by a
disaster
 indirect losses
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Comprehensive DALA:
 indirect losses
 estimation of macro-economic impacts
 national income
 government debt
 trade deficit
 development prospects
 estimation of intangible impacts
 social
 psychological
 environmental
 loss of life
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Exercise 1
What are the damages and losses
incurred in a typhoon disaster, the needs, and
the capacities utilized during the response
operations that we need to rebuild, recover for
the better?
Risks of Disaster
Areas for recovery
Needs for recovery
Partners
Damages
Losses
Other capacities
utilized
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Q&A
“Opportunities in disasters”
What are the opportunities in recovery and
reconstruction that might be considered for
long-term capacity development?
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Some opportunities for development (of
health systems):
additional financial resources (national / international)
additional human resources (national / international)
lessons learned from experience, including gaps in
health system
demonstration and opportunities for training needs
reconstruction but “build back better”
social pressure and political will to reduce risk and
enhance capacity
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
From Response to Recovery and Reconstruction
If there is no clear cut boundary
between responses and recovery
processes… this means:
Don’t wait, think ahead!
Build on the momentum of response to
anticipate longer-term recovery and
reconstruction.
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Health Roles in Managing Risks Over Time
stage
immediate
timeframe
first 24
hours
general needs
search and rescue
evacuation / shelter
food
water
public information
system
health needs
first aid
triage
primary medical care
transport / ambulances
acute medical and surgical care
emergency communication, logistics and reporting systems (including injury and disability
registers)
security
emergency epidemiological surveillance for
energy (fuel, heating,
Vector Born Disease, Vaccine Preventable
light, etc.)
Disease, Diseases of Epidemic Potential
environmental health
control of disease of public health significance
services for:
control of acute intestinal and respiratory
•vector control
disease
shortend of first •personal hygiene
care of the dead
term
week
•sanitation, waste
disposal etc.
general curative services
nutritional surveillance and support (including
micronutrient supplementation)
measles vaccination and Vitamin A
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Health Roles in Managing Risks
stage
medium
term
long term
conclusion
timeframe
end of
first
month
general needs
protection (legal
and physical)
employment
public transport
public
communications
psychosocial
services
end of 3 education
months agriculture
environmental
protection
compensation /
reconstruction
health needs
(re) establishment of the health information system
restoration of preventive health care services such
as EPI, MCH, etc.
restoration of priority disease control programmes
such as TB, malaria, etc.
restoration of services of non-communicable
diseases / obstetrics
care of the disabled
reconstruction and rehabilitation
specific training programmes
health information campaigns / health education
programmes
disability and psychosocial care
evaluation of lessons learned
restitution /
rehabilitation
revision of policies, guidelines, procedures and plans
prevention and
preparedness
upgrade knowledge and skills, change attitudes
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Medium-term Health
Considerations for the Recovery
Process
Some key health effects from disasters:
contamination of food and water supplies,
emotional stress,
epidemic diseases - diarrhoea, measles, etc.
endemic diseases
reduced health levels
 decline in nutritional status
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Long-term Health Considerations for
the Recovery Process
1. Psychosocial
Concurrent problem due to disaster: decrease in mental
health services, increase in incidence of common mental
health problems
2.
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Gender and Health
Family planning and reproductive health services
Safety of women and children
Inclusion of women in reconstruction planning
3. Environment
Clean-up, hazard reduction and environmental
management of the incident site
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Long-term Health Considerations for the
Recovery Process
4. Chronic Illnesses
 Continued health care services for long-term
disabilities from the events
5. Emergent and Re-emergent illness
Monitoring for delayed / ongoing health impacts
Surveillance for potentially emergent and re-emergent
endemic diseases or areas
5. Housing
 Permanent Accommodation
 Access to regular Services
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Post- Incident Evaluation
Clear picture of what really happened
Actual test to the capacity to manage risk
Damages, losses, capacities utilized
Way to monitor plan iplementation
Good practices and lessons learned
What went right, what went wrong and what is the
next action to be done to build better
 Basis for documentation
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First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Q&A
What is your concept about Resilience
in the context of disaster management?
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Resilience
 The ability of a system, community or society exposed to
hazards to resist, absorb, accommodate to and recover
from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient
manner, including through the preservation and
restoration of its essential structures and functions
 ability to spring back from the impacts of disaster
 It is determined by the degree the community has the
necessary resources and capability of organizing itself
during times of need
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Resilience
 Resilience of a community in respect to potential
hazard events is determined by the degree to which
the community has the necessary resources and is
capable of organizing itself both to and during times
of need
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Q&A
Can you share us your concept of a Disaster Resilient
Community based on the definition given?
Differentiate Resilience from Capacity.
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Resilient Community
A resilient community has the capacity to:

absorb stress or destructive forces trough resistance
or adaptation
 manage or maintain certain basic functions and
structures during disasters
 recover or bounce back after and event
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Resilience vs. Capacity

Resilience is generally seen as a broader concept than
capacity because it goes beyond the specific behavior,
strategies and measures for risk reduction and
management that are normally understood as capacities

though in everyday usage, capacity and coping capacity
often mean the same as resilience

focus of resilience – what communities can do for
themselves and how to strengthen their capacities
rather than concentrating on their vulnerability to
disaster or their needs in an emergency
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Exercise 2: Resilient Community
 Revisit the Exercise 1 Output. From this the community
can now recover for better.
 Based from your outputs, conceptualize by listing down
the Elements of a Resilient Community.
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Resilient Community
“Disaster Resilient Community” is ideal that no
community can ever be completely safe from
natural and man-made hazards……!!!
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
WHO 6 Building Blocks of a Health System
for a Resilient Community
Service Delivery
Health Workforce
Access
Coverage
Improved Health
(Level and Equity)
Information
Responsiveness
Medical Products,
Vaccines & Technologies
Social and Financial
Risk Protection
Health Financing System
Quality
Safety
Improved Efficiency
Leadership/Good
Governance
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
1. Good health services
 involves effective, safe, quality personal and
non-personal health interventions to those who need them,
when and where needed, with minimum waste of resources
2. Well Performing Health Workforce
 one which works in ways that are responsive, fair, and
efficient to achieve the best health outcomes possible,
given available resources and circumstances
,
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
3. Well functioning health information system
 ensures production, analysis, dissemination and use of
reliable ad timely information on health determinants,
health systems performance and health status
4. Equitable access to essential medical products,
vaccines and technologies
 with assured quality, safety, efficacy and cost-effectiveness,
and their scientifically sound and cost-effective use
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
5. Good Health Financing System
 raises adequate funds for health, in ways that ensure
people can use needed services, and are protected from
financial catastrophe or impoverishment associated with
having to pay for them
6. Leadership and Governance
 ensure existence of strategic policy frameworks
combined with effective oversight, coalition building, the
provision of appropriate regulations and incentives,
attention to system-design, and accountability
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
ADPC Indicators of a Minimum level
of resilience
A community organization
 A DRR and disaster preparedness plan
 A community early warning system
 Trained manpower: risk assessment, search and rescue,
medical first aid, relief distribution, masons for safer
house construction, fire fighting
 Physical connectivity: roads, electricity, telephone, clinics
 Relational connectivity with local authorities, NGOs, etc.
 Knowledge of risks and risk reduction actions
 A community disaster reduction fund to implement
risk reduction activities
 Safer sources of livelihood

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
ADPC Indicators of a Minimum level
of resilience
A community organization
 A DRR and disaster preparedness plan
 A community early warning system
 Trained manpower: risk assessment, search and rescue,
medical first aid, relief distribution, masons for safer
house construction, fire fighting
 Physical connectivity: roads, electricity, telephone, clinics
 Relational connectivity with local authorities, NGOs, etc.
 Knowledge of risks and risk reduction actions
 A community disaster reduction fund to implement
risk reduction activities
 Safer sources of livelihood

First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Learning Objectives
By the end of this course, the participant should be able to:
 Describe health needs, risks and services in disaster
recovery and reconstruction
 Discuss processes for recovery and reconstruction of
health services and infrastructure
 Discuss the opportunities for risk reduction and
health systems capacity development during disaster
recovery
 Explain Community Disaster Resilience
 Elaborate the elements of Resilient Community
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman
Thank You
First National Course on Public Health Emergency Management
12 – 23 March 2011. Muscat, Oman