Transcript DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
By: Dr J. Shanbehzadeh
Course overview
Road map of course(1)
Objectives Table of content Instructor’s e-mail 3.OpenCV
4. Final Exam
Road map of course(2)
Course overview Objectives Table of content Know basics of digital image processing including image acquisition, perception, transformation, compression, enhancement, interpolation, restoration, analysis, and so on.
Be able to use MATLAB to implement basic image processing algorithms and get familiar with some functions provided by MATLAB image processing toolbox.
Road map of course(3)
Course overview Objectives Table of content Introduction Digital Image Fundamentals Intensity Transformatio ns and Spatial Filtering Filtering in the Frequency Domain Image Restoration and Reconstruction Color Image Processing Wavelets and Multi resolution Processing Image Compression
Image Engineering
High Layer Image Understanding
Image Engineering
Middle Layer Image Analysis Low Layer Image Processing Feature Measurement Data Out Object Representation Image Segmentation Image In
Digital Image Processing
Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing (Fundamental Steps in DIP) Color Image Processing Image Restoration Image Enhancement Image Acquisition Output is Image Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing Compression
Knowledge Base
Morphological Processing Segmentation Representation & Description Object Recognition Input
DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING
By: Dr J. Shanbehzadeh
Road map of chapter 1
Examples of Fields that Use What is Digital Image Processing?
Processing.
• • • • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
1.1 What is Digital Image Processing?
Digital Image processing
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
An image may be defined as:
A two-dimensional function, f(x, y) where x and y are spatial (plane) coordinates, and the amplitude of f at any pair of coordinates f(x, y) is called the
intensity
that point.
or
gray level
of the image at
When x, y, and the amplitude values of f are all finite, discrete quantities.
The field of digital image processing refers to processing digital images by means of a digital computer.
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Digital Image
1.2 The Origins of Digital Image Processing
The Origins of Digital Image Processing
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies One of the first applications of digital images was in the newspaper industry, when pictures were first sent by submarine cable between London and New York.
Introduction of the Bart lane cable picture transmission system in the early 1920’s reduced the time required to transport a picture across the Atlantic from more than a week to less than three hours.
Specialized printing equipment coded pictures for cable transmission and then reconstructed them at the receiving end.
The Origins of Digital Image Processing
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Digital picture produced in 1921 from a coded tape by a telegraph printer with special type faces. (McFarlane.†) Digital picture made in 1922 from a tape punched after the signals had crossed the Atlantic twice. Some errors are visible.
(McFarlane.) Unretouched cable picture of Generals Pershing and Foch, transmitted in 1929 from London to New York by 15-tone equipment.
(McFarlane.) 14
The Origins of Digital Image Processing
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies The first picture of the moon by a U.S. spacecraft. Ranger 7 took this image on July 31, 1964 at 9 : 09 A.M. EDT, about 17minutes before impacting the lunar surface. (Courtesy of NASA.)
Examples of Fields that use Digital Image Processing
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Gamma-Ray Imaging X-Ray Imaging Imaging in the Ultraviolet Band Imaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands Imaging in the Microwave Band Imaging in the Radio Band Examples in which other Imaging Modalities are Used
Examples of Fields that use Digital Image Processing
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Humans are limited to the visual band of the electromagnetic (EM) spectrum.
Imaging machines cover almost the entire EM spectrum, ranging from gamma to radio waves.
They can operate on images generated by sources that humans are not accustomed to associating with images. These include ultrasound, electron microscopy, and computer generated images.
Digital image processing encompasses a wide and varied field of applications.
Radiation from EM Spectrum
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Radiation from EM Spectrum
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Two Principal Application Areas
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Improvement of pictorial information for human interpretation Processing of image data for storage, transmission, and representation for autonomous machine perception Applications: Space applications Medical imaging Remote Earth resources observations Astronomy
Examples of Image Sensor
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Gamma- Ray Imaging Nuclear Medicine X-Ray Imaging Medicine Electronic Imaging In UV Band Lithography Industrial inspection Imaging in Visible and Infrared Bands Imaging in Microwave Bands Radar Imaging in Radio Bands Medicine MRI Astronomy Ultrasound Imaging
Examples of Fields that use Digital Image Processing
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
X-Ray Imaging Imaging in the Ultraviolet Band Imaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands Imaging in the Microwave Band Imaging in the Radio Band Examples in which other Imaging Modalities are Used
Gamma-Ray Imaging
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies External source Radioactive Isotope decay Internal Source Positron emission Star Nuclear reaction In nuclear medicine, the approach is to inject a patient with a radioactive isotope that emits gamma rays as it decays. Images are produced from the emissions collected by gamma ray detectors.
Gamma-Ray Imaging
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Bone scan Astronomical Observations Cygnus loop PET image Position emission tomography Nuclear Reaction Reactor valve Exploded about 15,000 years ago Gamma radiation from a reactor valve
Examples of Fields that use Digital Image Processing
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Gamma-Ray Imaging Imaging in the Ultraviolet Band Imaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands Imaging in the Microwave Band Imaging in the Radio Band Examples in which other Imaging Modalities are Used
X-Ray Imaging
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies In parallel with space applications, digital image processing techniques began in the late 1960s and early 1970s to be used in medical imaging, remote Earth resources observations, and astronomy.
X-Ray Imaging
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Industrial Imaging Circuit Board Astronomy
X-Ray Imaging
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Angiography: Another major application in an area called contrast enhancement radiography.
Aortic Angiogram This procedure is used to obtain images (called angiograms) of blood vessels.
A catheter (a small, flexible, hollow tube) is inserted, for example, into an artery or vein in the groin.
The catheter is threaded into the blood vessel and guided to the area to be studied.
When the catheter reaches the site under investigation, an X-ray contrast medium is injected through the catheter.
This enhances contrast of the blood vessels and enables the radiologist to see any irregularities or blockages.
X-Ray Imaging
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies X-rays are among the oldest sources of EM radiation used for imaging. The best known use of X-rays is medical diagnostics, but they also are used extensively in industry and other areas, like astronomy.
X-rays for medical and industrial imaging are generated using an X ray tube, which is a vacuum tube with a cathode and anode.
The cathode is heated, causing free electrons to be released. These electrons flow at high speed to the positively charged anode.
When the electrons strike a nucleus, energy is released in the form of X-ray radiation.
X-Ray Imaging Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT))
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies The invention of CAT in the early 1970s is one of the most important events in the application of image processing in medical diagnosis.
CAT is a process in which a ring of detectors encircles an object (or patient) and an X-ray source, concentric with the detector ring, rotates about the object.
The X-rays pass through the object and are collected at the opposite end by the corresponding detectors in the ring. As the source rotates, this procedure is repeated.
Tomography consists of algorithms that use the sensed data to construct an image that represents a “slice” through the object.
Motion of the object in a direction perpendicular to the ring of detectors produces a set of such slices, which constitute a three dimensional (3-D) rendition of the inside of the object.
X-Ray Imaging (Myocardial Viability)
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Image of heart which has had a myocardial infarction (Heart attack). The arrow points to areas that have been damaged by the attack, indicating "dead" myocardial tissue.
Normal Heart
Examples of Fields that use Digital Image Processing
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Gamma-Ray Imaging X-Ray Imaging Imaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands Imaging in the Microwave Band Imaging in the Radio Band Examples in which other Imaging Modalities are Used
Imaging in the Ultraviolet Band
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Applications of Ultraviolet:
Lithography Industrial inspection Microscopy Lasers Biological imaging Astronomical observations Astronomical Observations Microscopy Normal Corn Smut Corn
Examples of Fields that use Digital Image Processing
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Gamma-Ray Imaging X-Ray Imaging Imaging in the Ultraviolet Band Imaging in the Microwave Band Imaging in the Radio Band Examples in which other Imaging Modalities are Used
Imaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Taxol Microprocessor Surface of Audio CD Cholesterol Nickel oxide Thin film Organic Superconductor
Imaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands (LANDSAT Satellite Multi-spectral Bands)
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Imaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands (Remote Sensing)
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies To Monitoring environmental Conditions on the Planet Nasa’s LandSat : Washington DC
Imaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands (Whether Observation & Prediction)
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Multispectral Hurricane Image Andrew of from satellites using sensors in the visible and infrared bands
Imaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands (Nighttime lights of the World)
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Infrared Satellite Images of the Americas Infrared Satellite Images of the remaining populated part of the world
Imaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands
Industry
: Automated Visual Inspection)
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies A circuit Board : Inspect them for missing part Bottles : Look for bottle that are not filled up to acceptable level an Cereal : Inspection for color and the presence of anomalies such as burned flake Pill container: Look for missing pills Bubbles in clear plastic product: Detect unacceptable number of air pockets Image of replacement lens for human eye: Inspection of damage or incorrectly manufactured implants
Imaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands
Law Enforcement:
Automated Visual Inspection)
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Paper currency: Automated counting/reading of the serial number for tracking and identifying bills Automated License plate reading Thumb Print: Automated search of a database for a potential matches
Examples of Fields that use Digital Image Processing
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Gamma-Ray Imaging X-Ray Imaging Imaging in the Ultraviolet Band Imaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands Imaging in the Radio Band Examples in which other Imaging Modalities are Used
Imaging in Microwave Band
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Imaging Radar: The only way to explore inaccessible regions of the Earth’s surface
Examples of Fields that use Digital Image Processing
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Gamma-Ray Imaging X-Ray Imaging Imaging in the Ultraviolet Band Imaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands Imaging in the Microwave Band Examples in which other Imaging Modalities are Used
Imaging in Radio Band (
MRI
: Magnetic Resonance Image)
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Knee Spine Head
In this technique the patient is placed in a powerful magnet and passes radio waves through his or her body in short pulses.
Imaging in Radio Band (Comparison of Different Imaging Modalities)
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Examples of Fields that use Digital Image Processing
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Gamma-Ray Imaging X-Ray Imaging Imaging in the Ultraviolet Band Imaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands Imaging in the Microwave Band Imaging in the Radio Band
Seismic Imaging (Acoustic Imaging)
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Geological applications:
Use sound in the low end of the sound spectrum(Hundreds of Hz) Mineral and oil exploration
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Ultrasound Imaging
Electron Microscope Images
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Synthesis Images
PET & MRI
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies MR images show anatomy well while PET images show function well.
By registering PET and MR brain images, anatomical and functional information can be combined, making it possible to anatomically locate brain regions of abnormal function.
PET & MRI
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Registration of MR and PET brain images. The first row shows the orthogonal cross-sections of the MR image, the second row shows sections of the PET image, the third row shows the images before registration, and the fourth row shows the orthogonal cross images after registration.
Exemples of Imaging Modalistes
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing.
• • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies MRI Angiographie UltraSound X-rays CT SPECT PET
1.4 Fundamental Steps in Digital Image Processing
Fundamental Steps in DIP
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Color Image Processing Image Recognition Image Enhancement Image Acquisition Input Output is Image Wavelets and Multiresolution Processing Compression Knowledge Base Morphological Processing Segmentation Representation & Description Object Recognition
Hierarchical Image Pyramid
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies High Level Low Level Feature Extraction Transforms Segmentation Edge Detection Preprocessing Raw Image Data
DIP Major Fields
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Computer Imaging application involving a human being in the visual loop.
Consists of following major fields: Image Restoration Image Enhancement Image Compression
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Image Restoration
Distorted Image Restored Image Geometric Distorted Image Restored Image
Image Restoration
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies (a) (b) An example of noise cleaning: (a) Image corrupted by impulse noise with a density of 0.05 and (b) noise-cleaned image.
Original image is courtesy of the Center for Image Processing Research, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
Image Restoration
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies (a) (b)
Image restoration
(a) Original clean image, (b) Camera motion-induced blurred Image (c) Deblurred Image.
(c)
Image Enhancement
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Poor Contrast Image Original Image Enhanced Image Sharpened Image
Image Enhancement
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies (a) (b) Sharpening an image: (a) original and (b) sharpened.
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Image Enhancement
(a) (b) Enhancing an image by histogram equalization: (a) original image and (b)enhanced image.
Image Compression
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies Original image Compressed image(1/10) Compressed image(1/20) Compressed image(1/30)
Image Engineering
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
Image Engineering 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies High Layer Middle Layer Low Layer Image Understanding Image Analysis Image Processing Feature Measurement Data Out Object Representation Image Segmentation Image In
Low-level Processes
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies •
Low-level Processes:
– Low-level processes involve primitive operations. Such as: • • • reduce noise, contrast enhancement, image sharpening.
– A low-level process is characterized by the fact that both its inputs and outputs are images.
Mid-level Processes
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies •
Mid-level Processes:
– Mid-level processing on images involves tasks such as: • segmentation (partitioning an image into regions or objects), • description of those objects to reduce them to a form suitable for computer processing, and • classification (recognition) of individual objects.
– A mid-level process is characterized by the fact that: • its inputs generally are images, • but its outputs are attributes extracted from those images (e.g., edges, contours, and the identity of individual objects).
High-level Processing
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies •
High-Level Processing:
– Finally, higher-level processing involves • “making sense” of an ensemble of recognized objects, as in image analysis, • performing the cognitive functions normally associated with vision.
Image Analysis Tools
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Image Analysis Tools:
Image Segmentation Image Transforms Feature Extraction Pattern Classification
Image Analysis Feature Measurement Object Representation Image Segmentation Data Out Image In
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Image Analysis Tools (Image Segmentation)
Computer tries to separate objects from the image background It is one of the most difficult tasks in DIP A rugged segmentation procedure brings the process a long way toward successful solution of an image problem Output of the segmentation stage is raw pixel data, constituting either the boundary of a region or all the points in the region itself.
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Image Analysis Tools (Feature Extraction)
Representation + Description Transform raw data A form suitable for the Recognition Processing
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Image Analysis Tools (Pattern Classification)
1.5 Concepts of an Image Processing System
An Image Processing System General Purpose Image Processing System
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies
Summary: Why do we need images?
• • • • 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
Case Studies • • • Various imaging modalities help us to see invisible objects due to – Opaqueness (e.g., see through human body) – Far distance (e.g., remote sensing) – Small size (e.g., light microscopy) Other signals (e.g., seismic) can also be translated into images to facilitate the analysis Images are important to convey information and support reasoning
A picture is worth a thousand words!
1.5 Case Studies
The steps of finding text position
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image Color Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies Gray Image with Bounding Box Gray Image New Projection Profile Edge Image Binary Image Filtering
Convert color image to gray level
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies Color Image Red Green Blue
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies
ن آ G لاناک و يگنر ريوصت کي
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies
تلويو ليدبت طسوت هبل نتفاي لحآرم
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies
کجوم طسوت هبل نتفاي لحآرم
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies
متيروگلآ يجورخ
Image Processing up to Image Understanding
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies Image Or Video Text Detection Text Localization Text Extraction and Enhancement Recognition (OCR) Text Text Tracking
Image Processing up to Image Understanding
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies
یدورو ريوصت شزآدرپ شيپ
هدش شزآدرپ شيپ ريوصت
یدنب هعطق
تاعطق یاهريوصت
یگژيو جآرختسآ
یگژيو یاهرآدرب
یئاسانش
هدش یئاسانش فورح
شزآدرپ سپ
نتم لياف
Image Processing up to Image Understanding (Preprocessing)
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies ي يودود ريوصت كي داجيآ يآرب يرآذگ هناتس آ زيون فذح اه هلاچ ندركرپ و ديآز تاعطق فذح يآرب يزاسرآومه يفاضآ طاقن فذح يآرب شيلااپ ملق يفاضآ ياهتشآدرب فذح تهج ملق تاكرح لاصتآ فورح ي هزآدنآ يزاس درآدناتسآ يآرب هزآدنآ يزاس لامرن نتم بيش و يجک ندرب نيب زآ هيوناث مئلاع فذح اه هقلح ندرکرپ هعطق هلحرم ر د هملک صاخ شيامن يآرب فورح يدنبنآوختسآ و تاملک ينوريب روتناک نتفاي ،فورح يزاس کزان يدنب
Image Processing up to Image Understanding (Segmentation)
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies
Image Processing up to Image Understanding (Segmentation)
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies نتم هب هحفص يدنب هعطق اهرطس هب نتم يدنب هعطق ) تاملکريز ( تاملک هب رطس يدنب هعطق فورح هب تاملکريز يدنب هعطق ماقرآ هب دآدعآ يدنب هعطق
Image Processing up to Image Understanding (Segmentation)
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies
Image Processing up to Image Understanding (Feature Extraction)
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies .
دوش يم جآرختسآ يدنب هعطق هلحرم زآ هدم آ تسدب تاعطق ياهيگژيو .
دوش يم يرآدهگن يگژيو رآدرب رد اهيگژيو توافتم اه هملک / رت کآراک رگيد زآ آر هملک / رت کآراک کي هک دنتسه هملک اي رت کآراک يرورض تاعلاطآ اهيگژيو .
دزاس يم .
دنوش يم هدآد رگاسانش هب يدورو نآونع هب هعطق يدنب هقبط و ي ياسانش تهج اهيگژيو .
دنتسه يراتخاس و يرام آ اهيگژيو
Image Processing up to Image Understanding (Classification)
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies .
دوش يم ماجنآ هملك اي فرح ينعي ءيش يدنب هقبط ،يگژيو جآرختسآ زآ دعب : ي ياسانش ياهشور يبصع ياه هکبش هربخ ياهمتسيس ريگداي نيشام فوکرام يفخم لدم يرآدرب نويسآزيتنآوک هياسمه نيرت کيدزن k يزاف هياسمه نيرت کيدزن k هلصاف نيرتمک يريگ ميمصت تخرد ...
و يرام آ ياهشور
Case Study: Eye Disease
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies
مشچ ريوصت
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies
مشچ ياهتنآ ي ياهن ريوصت
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies
مشچ هيکبش زآ يرآدرب ريوصت
هيکش رب دنق يراميب رثآ
96
يداع ريغ و يداع ياه هيكبش
DR
ريواصت
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies 97
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies
هدش يزاس هدايپ متيروگلا مارگايد
98
• 1.1- What is Digital Image Processing?
• 1.2- The Origins of Digital Image Processing.
• 1.3- Examples of Fields that Use Digital Image Processing.
• 1.4- Fundamental Steps in Digital Processing.
Image • 1.5- Concepts of an Image Processing System.
• Case Studies
متيروگلا فلتخم لحارم ريواصت
99