Transcript Discuss the Relative Effectiveness of Two Strategies for

Discuss the Relative Effectiveness of
Two Strategies for Reducing Violence
We will focus on Bullying as the example
of violence
Questions for Discussion
1.
List all possible sociocultural factors for
violence.
2.
Consider ways to reduce violence
3.
Is there any bullying at our school?
What is Violence?
• The intentional use of physical force or power,
threatened or actual, against oneself, another
person, or against a group or community, that
either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in
injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment
or deprivation. (WHO, 2002)
What is Bullying?
• Bullying: When a person is exposed
repeatedly over time to negative actions on
the part of one or more people (direct or
indirect)
• Cyber bullying: The use of information and
communication technologies to support
deliberate, repeated, and hostile behavior
by an individual or group that is intended to
harm others
• Happy slapping: Using physical violence
against a person while a third person
videotapes the event
How common is it?
• Not only children – at workplaces too
• 17 % said that they had been bullied during a
school yesr in the US 2001 ( Nansel et al.)
• Found in many countries
• 21,9 % of students in elemantary school in Japan
2006 (Kim)
• Olweus claims that 1 out of 10 students has been
the victim of bullying in Norwegian and Swedish
schools 1993
Strategies for reducing
bullying
• Look in your IB Study Guide for studies (you all have
one now…)
• MACS :Metropolitan Area Child Study
• OBPP: Olweus bullying prevention programme
Anti-Bullying Programmes: Study 2
• Olweus (1972): Developed a whole-school
programme for schools in Norway. This programme
uses cooperative learning, teachers are trained to
recognize and deal with bullying, lunchrooms and
playgrounds are supervised, and counsellors
conduct therapy with bullies and their parents.
• http://www.olweusinternational.no/home/olweusprogram/whole-school-level/
• The programme has reduced bullying by 50 %.
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BjHNHsduFF0
Dr. Dan Olweus and the Olweus Bullying Prevention
Program
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Evaluation
Generalisability problem. Olweus’ research
was only conducted in Norway, a country
that already emphasizes communitarian
norms. It is possible that other, less
communitarian or individualistic cultures also
require a change in cultural norms
Black (2007) implementation of OBPP in the
USA showed mixed results.
Policies and programmes may only be
effective if everyone is aware of them and
committed to change, including parents
Research is qualitative, therefore there are
possible researcher biases or Hawthorne
effects. Research cannot measure whether
the methods are effective outside of school
Conclusion: Antibullying programmes have
been shown to be effective and are
important at all grade levels.
http://www.olweusinternational.no/backgrou
nd/critique-of-the-obpp/