Spatial Data Infrastructures (Madrid)

(22 December 2004)

I N S P I R E

INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe

http://www.ec-gis.org/inspire/ http://www.eurosion.org/index.html

Joep Crompvoets (Centre Geo-Information)

Objectives

Intrduv Introduction Spatial Data Infrastructure EUROSION (Motivatie European Geo-Information Infrastructure) INSPIRE Impacts

People Access Network Policy Standards Data (& services)

EUROSION : Motivation for an European SDI and the role of spatial data within SDI Project funded by the European Commission

OBJECTIVE

“To provide the European Commission with a package of

recommendations on policy and management

measures to address

coastal erosion

in the EU.

These recommendations should be based on a thorough

coastline assessment of the state of

and of the response options available at each level of administration.

”

Assessment of European coastline Example of Ajaccio Bay Highly vulnerable areas (hotspot) Moderately vulnerable areas Lowly vulnerable areas

From Data to Information Analysis Vulnerable areas and Monitoring indicators In terms of Lives at risk Economy at risk Nature at risk

INFORMATION PROBLEMS A large variety of formats exist Many geographical gaps still remain Reference systems are not harmonized Many data sources are not consistent Scales are not compatible All data are not interoperable Costs and access restrictions

Issue No. 1 - A large variety of formats exists

- Satellite images - Maps - Aerial photographs - Diagrams - Statistics - Reports - Databases - Etc.

Integration of various formats is time consuming and uncertain

Issue No. 2 – Many geographical gaps still remain

Geological data at scale 1:50,000 (source: BRGM, France) Need to identify the gaps and make priorities to bridge them

Issue No. 3 - Reference systems are not harmonized

Reference system 1 : ETRS89 Reference system 2 : Clarke 80 Need to define a common terrestrial reference system for data production and processing

Issue No. 4 – Many data sources are not consistent - 20 m - 25 m - 25 m - 5 m 5 m 10 m 5 m - 15 m - 10 m 15 m - 10 m - 5 m - 5 m

Need to build pan-european “seamless” data with standard specifications

15 m 5 m 10 m Sources 1:

Coastline : SABE (EuroGeographics) Bathymetry : TCIFMS (SHOM) Topography : BDTOPO (IGN)

15 m 10 m Sources 2:

Coastline : SABE (EuroGeographics) Bathymetry : GEBCO (BODC) Topography : MONA PRO

15 m

Issue No. 5 - Scales are not compatible

1:100,000 (source: SABE) 1:250,000 (source: WVS) Need to adopt a common level of perception and representation of data

Issue No. 6 – All the data are not interoperable CORINE Land Cover 1990 SABE Coastline 0 m < Difference < 50 m 50 m < Difference < 200 m Difference > 200 m

Issue No. 7 – Costs and access restrictions (1/2) Most existing datasets are “copyrighted”: you do not buy information itself, but a right to use it (“license”) The more users will handle the data, the more expensive the license Dissemination of end-products is restricted (sometimes, end-products have to be “degraded”) Quality “label” are not commonly adopted : uncertainty about the products licensed

Issue No. 7 – Costs and access restrictions (2/3) EUROSION database = 2 Millions Euros 28% acquisition of licensed data (e.g. Elevation) 17% update of existing data (e.g. Coastal Erosion) 33% production of missing data (e.g. Hydrodynamics) 24% Format conversion, integration, and quality control

CONCLUSIONS The absence of a European spatial data infrastructure results in: Higher investment costs (2 to 3 times) Delayed implementation (8 to 10 months) Uncertain quality dissemination constraints

I N S P I R E

INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe

Main objective INSPIRE

To deliver useful, standardised and high quality data in order to formulate, implement, monitor and evaluate European, National and Local Policy.

Differences between Height Reference Levels

Start-up phase

End 2001: Launch INSPIRE Action within 6th Environmental Action Program (6EAP) -> Better Policy/Realisation Environment -> INSPIRE Legal framework for EU SDI 2001 – 2004: Preparation of INSPIRE (Coordination EC Brussels, supported by JRC, EUROSTAT + working groups)

23 Juli 2004

: Acceptance of the INSPIRE-proposal by the European Commission A major Milestone for European SDI!!

COGI Chair: ESTAT INSPIRE Expert Group Chair : DG ENV & ESTAT Phase 1: Environmental Sector Technical Co-ordination & Secretariat JRC Ispra - Institute for Environment and Sustainability Common Reference Data & Metadata Chair : ESTAT Architecture & Standards Chair : JRC Ispra Inter-sectoral co-ordination Chair: ESTAT Legal Aspects & Data Policy Chair : UK Funding & Implementation structures Chair : SE Impact Analysis Chair : NL Horizontal Components

INSPIRE

Environmental thematic co-ordination Chair: EEA Agricultural thematic co-ordination Chair:

…..

marine air biodiversity soils water noise forest

Environmental components Agricultural components Transport thematic co-ordination Chair: Transport components Other thematic co-ordination Chair: Other components Further phases: other themes

Impact of INSPIRE Framework

• Positive impact on the demand and supply of spatial datasets and services • Positive impact on decision-making • Positive impact on cost savings • Positive impacts to streamline environmental policy making • Positive impact on human resources • Positive impact on professional education (GIS, data visualization, navigation and positioning, • Positive impact on the social cohesion • Negative impact on current spatial data price policy at national level • Negative impact on public sector investment at national level

The proposal

• General starting points, objectives and development processes for European SDI • Based on national SDIs • Focus on selected group of spatial data (Annex I, II en III data/ integration-ambition and time) • Main action points: 1. Organise meta-data 2. Standardise spatial data 3. Develop network services 4. Rules for data transfer and re-use

Annex I

1. Coordinate Systems 2. Geographical gridsystems 3. Geographical names 4. Administrative units 5. Transport networks 6. Hydrography 7. Protection zones

Annex II

1. Elevation 2. Ownership registrations 3. Cadastral parcels 4. Soil Cover 5. Ortho-images

Annex III

1. Statistical units 2. Buildings 3. Soil 4. Geology 5. Land Use 6. Health and Security 7. Environmental/Conservation facilities 8. Production/industrial facilities 9. Facilities for agriculture and aquaculture 10. Demography 11. Land management in areas with limitations 12. Areas with environmental risks 13. Atmospheric conditions 14. Meteorological geographical characteristics 15. Oceanographic geographical characteristics 16. Sea areas 17. Bio-geographical areas 18. Habitats en biotopes 19. Dissemination of species

Division of spatial data (Annex I, II and III)

1.Organise meta-information

• Member states: Description and management Meta-data • Annex I and II -> 2010; Annex III -> 2012 • Starting point ISO-standard for metadata (ISO19115)

2. Standardise spatial data

• formulate specifications • Establishment of common system for unambiguous identification of objects, relations between objects, time and multilingual thesauri • Annex I -> 2009, Annex II and III -> 2013

3. Develop network services

• Related to metadata and spatial data • Examples of potential services: Upload, Search, View, Download and Analyse services • Member states: Central role to supply these services • Member States: Opportunity to limit access to public

4. Rules for data transfer and re-use

• Likely to be most politically difficult action -> establishment of rules • Establishment of Directives and common license conditions

Users

• Governments and Administrations (EU, National, Regional, Local) • Utility and Public Services (Transport, Health, Emergency services, Utilities) • Research and development Organisations (Universities, Public and Private Institutes) • Commercial and Professional End Users (Tourism, Value Added Resellers, Surveyors) • Non-governmental Organizations • General Public

INSPIRE future (1/2)

Establishment of EU-directive (similar as EU-habitat directive and EU-framework directive Water) Three stages: 1)

Preparation stage

(2005 – 2006) - Activities mainly political/content focussed - NL (VROM): Place on the agenda and support activities (e.g. Nat. Congress GII) - Adaptations to proposal - Establishment of (implementation) directives - Establishment of profiles for metadata - Extend European Geo-Portal - Test technological concepts Proposal change to INSPIRE-decision ->submission to EU-Parliament and Council

INSPIRE future (2/2)

2) Transposition stage

(2007-2008) Establishment INSPIRE-commission -> control organ (consisted of representatives of member states) Member states: Change directive in own law and rules 3)

Implementation stage

(2009-2013) Implementation of directive(s) Periodical reporting about progress