Transcript Dia 1

INSPIRE
Joep Crompvoets
Wageningen, 27 January 2015
1
Questions
Why do we need an European Spatial Data Infrastructure?
Who will benefit of an European Spatial Data Infrastructure?
Who knows what is INSPIRE?
What is INSPIRE?
What does this EU Directive include?
EUROSION
Motivation for an European SDI
and the role of spatial data within SDI
Project funded by the
European Commission
OBJECTIVE
“To provide the European Commission with a
package of recommendations on policy
and management measures to address
coastal erosion in the EU.
These recommendations should be based on a
thorough assessment of the state of
coastline and of the response options
available at each level of administration.”
Assessment of European coastline
Example of Ajaccio Bay
Highly vulnerable areas (hotspot)
Moderately vulnerable areas
Lowly vulnerable areas
From Data to Information
Analysis
Vulnerable areas and
Monitoring indicators
In terms of
Lives at risk
Economy at risk
Nature at risk
Hydrodynamics
Land
Sediment
Social
Nationally
Administrative
Erosion
cover
Laws
and
Infrastructure
Hydrography
discharges
Bathymetry
(LC)
Elevation
economical
patterns
designated
and
and
and
decrees
boundaries
sea
LC
(CCEr)
from
profiles
level
changes
areas
rivers
rise
INFORMATION PROBLEMS
A large variety of formats exist
Many geographical gaps still remain
Reference systems are not harmonized
Many data sources are not consistent
Scales are not compatible
All data are not interoperable
Costs and access restrictions
Issue No. 1 - A large variety of
formats exists
- Satellite images
- Maps
- Aerial photographs
- Diagrams
- Statistics
- Reports
- Databases
- Etc.
Integration of various
formats is time consuming
and uncertain
Issue No. 2 – Many geographical
gaps still remain
Geological data at scale 1:50,000
(source: BRGM, France)
Need to identify the gaps and
make priorities to bridge
them
Issue No. 3 - Reference systems
are not harmonized
Reference system 1 : ETRS89
Reference system 2 : Clarke 80
Need to define a
common terrestrial
reference system for
data production and
processing
Issue No. 4 – Many data sources
are not consistent
Need to build paneuropean “seamless”
data with standard
specifications
-5m
- 10 m
- 25 m
Sources 1:
5m
- 20 m
Coastline : SABE (EuroGeographics)
Bathymetry : TCIFMS (SHOM)
Topography : BDTOPO (IGN)
15 m
5m
-5m
10 m
- 15 m
- 25 m
15 m
Sources 2:
- 10 m
10 m
15 m
-5m
15 m
5m
10 m
Coastline : SABE (EuroGeographics)
Bathymetry : GEBCO (BODC)
Topography : MONA PRO
Issue No. 5 - Scales are
not compatible
1:100,000 (source: SABE)
1:250,000 (source: WVS)
Need to adopt a common
level of perception and
representation of data
Issue No. 6 – All the data are
not interoperable
CORINE Land Cover 1990
SABE Coastline
0 m < Difference < 50 m
50 m < Difference < 200 m
Difference > 200 m
Issue No. 7 – Costs and access
restrictions
Most existing datasets are “copyrighted”:
you do not buy information itself, but a right to
use it (“license”)
Dissemination of end-products is restricted
(sometimes, end-products have to be
“degraded”)
Quality “label” are not commonly adopted :
uncertainty about the products
Issue No. 7 – Costs and access
restrictions
EUROSION database = 2 Millions Euros
26% acquisition of licensed data (e.g.
Elevation)
17% update of existing data (e.g. Coastal
Erosion)
33% production of missing data (e.g.
Hydrodynamics)
24% Format conversion, integration, and
quality control
CONCLUSIONS
The absence of a European spatial data
infrastructure results in:
Higher investment costs (2 to 3 times)
Delayed implementation (8 to 10 months)
Uncertain quality
Dissemination constraints
INSPIRE
INfrastructure for SPatial InfoRmation in Europe
Main objective INSPIRE
To deliver useful,
standardised and high
quality data in order to
formulate, implement,
monitor and evaluate
European, National and
Local Policy.
Differences between Height
Reference Levels
Why INSPIRE?
Coastal Erosion
Source: EUROSION Project
Forest Fire Risk
Source: JRC/IES
Sea Level trends in mm/y
Source: JRC/IES
Source: Marcos & Tsimplis, as quoted in JRC/IES
Source: JRC/IES
 International
river basin
districts cover
more than
60% of the
EU territory!
 International
coordination a
huge
challenge.
Environmental phenomena do
not stop at national borders!
 20% of the EU citizens (115
million) live within 50 Kms from a
border.
 60 million EU citizens live less than
half an hour (25 kms) from a
border
Near - boundary population importance
16
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nd
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ly
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70
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82
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F
115
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12
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16.08.2001
WFD Reporting
(Environmental) policy cycle as basis
–
–
–
–
–
Problem statement
Policy definition
Policy implementation
Policy evaluation
Policy adjustment
Relations with other Directives
 Aarhus addresses the public access to environmental
information
 PSI addresses the re-use of public sector information
by third parties
 INSPIRE addresses the shared use of spatial data and
services between public authorities for the
performance of public tasks
The global context
CGDI
GeoConnections
One Stop
Geo-Portal
In Summary:
Environmental Needs




Situation in Europe
Better information needed to support
policies [6EAP]
Improvement of existing information
flows
Diversity across regions to be
considered
Revision of approach to reporting and
monitoring, moving to concept of
sharing of information




Data policy restrictions
Lack of co-ordination across borders
and between levels of government
Lack of standards incompatible
information and information systems
Existing data not re-usable
fragmentation of information,
redundancy, inability to integrate
Environmental data


90% of is linked to geography
Out of 58 data components needed
for environmental policy :




32 are multi-sectoral
16 are environmental only
10 are related to other sectors
These 32 components allow to:


link different ENV themes together:
policy coherence
link with other sectors: integration
source EEA
EC Proposal for a Directive establishing an
infrastructure for spatial information in the
Community – INSPIRE
From Commission proposal to
Community Directive implementation
 Preparatory phase (2004-2006)
– Co-decision procedure
– Preparation of Implementing Rules 2005 – 2008
…
 Transposition phase (2007-2008)
– 15 May 2007: Directive entered into force
– Transposition into national legislation
– 26 June 2007: INSPIRE Committee starts its
activities
– Adoption of Implementation Rules by Comitology
 Implementation phase (2009-2020)
– implementation and monitoring of measures
INSPIRE progress
INSPIRE Components
I.
Metadata
II.
Harmonisation and interoperability of spatial data sets
and services
III. Network services (discovery, view, download, transform,
middleware)
IV. Data and Service sharing (policy)
V. Coordination and measures for Monitoring & Reporting
INSPIRE is a Framework Directive
Detailed technical provisions for the issues above will be laid
down in Implementing Rules (IR)
IRs will be submitted to the Committee (comitology)
Once decided, IRs will be published as a Regulation
INSPIRE Spatial Data Scope
Annex I
Annex II
1. Coordinate reference systems 1. Elevation
2. Geographical grid systems
2. Land cover
3. Geographical names
3. Ortho-imagery
4. Administrative units
4. Geology
5. Addresses
6. Cadastral parcels
7. Transport networks
8. Hydrography
9. Protected sites
Harmonised spatial data specifications more
stringent for Annex I and II than for Annex III
INSPIRE Thematic Scope
Annex III
11.Area management/restriction
/regulation zones & reporting
1. Statistical units
units
2. Buildings
12.Natural risk zones
3. Soil
13.Atmospheric conditions
4. Land use
5. Human health and safety 14.Meteorological geographical
features
6. Utility and governmental
15.Oceanographic geographical
services
features
7. Environmental monitoring
16.Sea regions
facilities
8. Production and industrial 17.Bio-geographical regions
18.Habitats and biotopes
facilities
19.Species distribution
9. Agricultural and
aquaculture facilities
20.Energy Resources
10.Population distribution –
21.Mineral resources
demography
I Metadata
Member States shall create metadata and shall keep them up to date
 Metadata shall include:
–
–
–
–
–
Conformity with IR on interoperability / harmonisation
Conditions for access and use
Quality and validity
The public authorities responsible
Limitations on public access
 IR to take into account existing and relevant
international standards
 Once Implementing Rules adopted:
– Created within 2 years for Annex I, II
– Created within 5 years for Annex III
II Interoperability of spatial data
sets and services
Implementing Rules shall be adopted for interoperability and where
practical for harmonisation of spatial data sets and services
 Harmonised data specifications
– Annex I, II, III:
• definition and classification of spatial objects
• geo-referencing
– Annex I, II:



• common system of unique identifiers for spatial objects;
• relationship between spatial objects;
• key attributes and corresponding multilingual thesauri;
• how to exchange the temporal dimension of the data;
• how to exchange updates of the data.
public authorities and 3rd parties shall have access to these specifications at
conditions not restricting their use
User requirements, existing standards, and cost-benefit considerations to be
taken into account in developing the IRs
Cross-border issues shall be agreed on
III Network Services
Member States shall operate a network of the following services
available to the public for data sets and services for which metadata
has been created:
 Discovery services;
 View services;
No charge
No charge (exceptions: large
volumes and high update
frequency)
 Download services;
 Transformation services,
 (middleware) services allowing spatial data services to be
invoked
- Access to services may be restricted (conditions !)
- Services shall be available on request to 3rd parties under conditions
- INSPIRE Geo-portal shall be established – Member States geo-portals
IV INSPIRE Data Sharing Policy
 Member States shall adopt measures for the sharing of
data and services between public authorities for public
tasks relating to the environment without restrictions
occurring at the point of use.
 Public authorities may charge, license each other and
Community institutions provided this does not create an
obstacle to sharing.
 When spatial data or services are provided to Community
institutions for reporting obligations under Community law
relating to the environment then this will not be subject to
charging.
 Member States shall provide the institutions and bodies of
the Community with access to spatial data sets and
services in accordance with harmonised conditions.
V INSPIRE Monitoring and Reporting
 Member States shall monitor the implementation
and use of their infrastructures for spatial
information. They shall make the results of this
monitoring accessible to the Commission and to
the public on a permanent basis.
 No later than 3 years MS shall send to the
Commission a report including summary
descriptions of:
– Coordination between public sector providers and
users
– Organisation of quality assurance
– Relationship with third parties
– Contribution made by public authorities to the
functioning of the infrastructure.
Experiences in other countries / Annual Monitoring
Country
# Spatial data Sets
# Services
68
76
73
21
189
1174
43
17
2465
57
FR
GR
HR
HU
IE
IT
LT
LU
LV
MT
3217
630
152
88
150
2147
105
204
136
9
809
45
24
32
26
920
98
111
36
0
NL
PL
PT
RO
SE
SI
SK
UK
IS
LI
NO
# Services
# Services
298
316
476
230
227
2860
20
35
3514
270
# Spatial data Sets
# Spatial data Sets
AT
BE
BG
CY
CZ
DE
DK
EE
ES
FI
Country
Country
• Major differences between Member States regarding the
number of reported data sets and services
141
65
790
208
290
86
195
1117
48
64
202
8246
186
62
156
62
120
29
0
114
12
2
85
4183
2014
 15 countries – 70% of data &
services with metadata
 5 countries – 70% of metadata
conform
 9 countries – 70% of the data &
services can be discovered
 2 countries – 70% of the data
can be viewed and downloaded
2014 - Germany
 94% of data & services with
conform metadata
 94% of the data & services can
be discovered
 66% of the data can be viewed
and downloaded
Experiences in other countries / 3-Year Reporting
•
•
•
•
Mostly drafted by NCP
Feedback received from NSDI Stakeholders
Varying in length between 20 – 100 pages
Written in official language -> Translated by official service
of the Commission
• Reports freely available at INSPIRE website
• Good overview of the progress made by Member States
Overall
Implementation of INSPIRE Directive is well under way
Marked differences between MS in both speed of
implementation and its content
Experiences in other countries / 3-Year Reporting
• Most MS established a governance structure
• Ministry of environmental matters led mostly the INSPIRE
implementation
• Some MS led by NMCA (in tandem with Min. of Environ.)
• Difference in involvement
• In some MS part of a more broadly based infrastructure
• Great attention needed to train staff and raise awareness
• Limited information about the INSPIRE/NSDI usage
• Difference in data sharing arrangements
• Lack of knowledge and skills considered as one of the main
barriers
• Few MS able to provide info about costs/benefits
Experiences in other countries / 3-Year Reporting
Overview of 2014 Reporting
See, Masser, I. and Crompvoets, J., (2015). Building European
Spatial Data Infrastructures. 3th Edition. ESRI Press. 100 pgs.
INSPIRE Roadmap (1/4)
Articl
e
Milestone
Description
200
7
X
Entry into force of INSPIRE Directive
22§2
200
7
X+
3m
Establishment of the INSPIRE Committee
5§4
16(a)
16(b)
200
8
X+
1y
Adoption of IRs for the creation and up-dating of the metadata
Adoption of IRs for Network Services
NS Implementing Rules 1: Adoption of IRs for “upload and discovery” and
view services
Adoption of IRs for monitoring and reporting
Adoption of IRs governing access and rights of use to spatial data sets
and services for Community institutions and bodies
16(a)
200
9
X+
2y
NS Implementing Rules 2: Adoption of IRs for download and Transformation
Services
9(a)
200
9
X+
2y
Adoption of IRs for the interoperability and harmonisation of spatial data
sets and services for Annex I spatial data themes
19§2
200
9
X+
2y
MS designate a contact point (as early as possible; at latest X+2y = end of
transposition phase)
21(4)
17(8)
Bold means: explicitly mentioned in the directive, including a timing
Bold + italics: explicitly mentioned but without timing
Italics: proposal for subdivision from what is mentioned in the directive, including a proposed timing
INSPIRE Roadmap (2/4)
Article
24§1
2009
Milestone
Description
X +2y
Provisions of Directive are brought into force in MS (transposition
date)
17§1
Implementation of data sharing framework of spatial data sets
and services between public bodies
21§1
Implementation of provisions on monitoring
6(a)
2010
X + 3y
Metadata available for spatial data corresponding to Annex I and
Annex II spatial data themes
16(a)
2010
X + 3y
NS Implementing Rules 3: Adoption of IR for invoke “spatial data
service” Network Service
2010
X + 3y
NS Operation 1 : “Upload and Discovery” and View Network services
operational
15§2
2010
X + 3y
The EC establishes and runs a geo-portal at Community level
21§2
2010
X + 3y
Member States’ First Report to the Commission. From then
onwards MS have to present reports every 3 years
INSPIRE Roadmap (3/4)
Article
Milestone
Description
2011
X + 4y
(2 +
2)
Newly collected and extensively restructured spatial data sets available
in accordance with IRs for interoperability and harmonisation of
spatial data sets and services for Annex I spatial data themes
2011
X + 4y
NS Operation 2 : Download and Transformation services operational
2012
X + 5y
Adoption of IRs for the interoperability and harmonisation of spatial
data sets and services for Annex II and Annex III spatial data themes
2012
X + 5y
NS Operation 3 : invoke “Spatial Data service” service operational
6(b)
2013
X + 6y
Metadata available for spatial data corresponding to Annex III spatial
data themes
23
2014
X + 7y
Commission’s report to the EP and the Council. From then onwards the
Commission has to present reports every 6 years
7§3
9(b)
2014
X + 7y
(2 + 5)
Newly collected and extensively restructured spatial data sets available
in accordance with IRs for interoperability and harmonisation of
spatial data sets and services for Annex II and III spatial data
themes
7§3
9(a)
9(b)
INSPIRE Roadmap (4/4)
Article
Milestone
Description
7§3
9(a)
2017
X + 9y
(7 + 2)
Other spatial data sets available in accordance with IRs for
interoperability and harmonisation of spatial data sets and
services for Annex I spatial data themes
7§3
9(b)
2020
X +12y
(7 + 5)
Other spatial data sets available in accordance with IRs for
interoperability and harmonisation of spatial data sets and
services for Annex II and III spatial data themes
Latest remarks on INSPIRE
• Coordination of INSPIRE appears to be problematic
• For better coordination, use softer steering
• Need to balance INSPIRE requirements with other
EU, national requirements (e-gov, PSI)
• Lack of economic success stories regarding INSPIRE
implementation
• INSPIRE articles on data sharing are most confusing
• Pending legal reform is a cause for many legal
uncertainties
• No clear guidelines to follow for organisations at
stake.
Concluding remarks
• INSPIRE provides an interesting model for developing an
infrastructure in the full meaning of the word, i.e. including
technical challenges, shared practices, organisational
settings and cooperative partnerships
• Its development requires a lot of time, resources and
effort, but the added value of shared ownership of
processes and outcomes can hardly be underestimated.
• Uncertainties on how to deal with new developments
• major commercial players (Google earth, Virtual earth)
• Crowdsourcing initiatives
• Open Data initiatives
Conclusions
 INSPIRE is an important political step towards more
efficient use of geo-information for the purposes of
environmental policies or policies with an impact on the
environment
 Removing obstacles in data sharing between public
authorities is THE key issue
 National and Regional SDIs are building blocks for the
European SDI.
 Bottom-up, open and transparent development of
Implementing Rules through stakeholder participation
Questions??