DO NOW

 IN YOUR OWN WORDS DEFINE THE WORD HISTORY. WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO YOU?

 WHAT DO YOU HOPE TO LEARN FROM THIS WORLD HISTORY CLASS?

DO NOW

 WHAT IS PREHISTORY? HOW DO WE KNOW AND UNDERSTAND WHAT WENT ON DURING PREHISTORY?  THINK ABOUT THE ACTIVITY THAT WE DID THIS WEEK.

Scientific Method

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Ask a question

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Do background research

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Construct a hypothesis by doing an experiment

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Analyze your own data and draw a conclusion

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Communicate your results

CHAPTER 1: THE FIRST HUMANS

Section 1: Early Humans

 1. prehistory  2. archaeology  3. artifacts  4. anthropology     1. the period before written records 2. the study of past societies through an analysis of what people have left behind 3. tools, pottery, paintings, weapons, buildings etc.

4. study of human life and culture

Archaeologists dig up and examine artifacts while anthropologists examine the artifacts and fossils to determine how people lived their lives.

 5. fossils  5. bones, skins, and plant seeds  6. radiocarbon dating  6. tracing the amount of C 14 left in a deceased being (determining age of artifacts up to 50,000 yrs old)

The earliest humanlike creatures lived in Africa as long as three to four million yrs ago were called australopithecines or “southern-ape” whom flourished in eastern and southern Africa. They were the first hominids.

 7. australopithecines  7. earliest humanlike creatures  8. hominids  8. humans and other creatures that walk upright  9. homo erectus  9. “upright human being” created more varied tools; able to use fire  10. homo sapiens  10. “wise human being”

Two distinct subgroups, Neanderthals and Homo sapiens sapiens both developed from Homo sapiens.

 11. Neanderthals  11. used stone tools and were the first to bury their dead found in the Neander Valley in Germany  12. Homo sapiens sapiens  12. “wise wise human being” modern humans; replace the Neanderthals

Early Stages of Human Development

Australopithecines (3-4 Million yrs ago) Homo erectus (1.5 Million yrs ago) Homo sapiens (250,000 yrs ago) Neanderthals (100,000-30,000 B.C.E) Homo sapiens sapiens (150,000 200,000 yrs ago)

DO NOW

 READ PAGES 20-21 UNDER THE SECTION TITLED DATING ARTIFACTS AND FOSSILS.

 HOW DO ARCHAEOLOGISTS AND ANTHROPOLOGISTS DETERMINE THE AGES OF FOSSILS AND ARTIFACTS?

DO NOW

 LOOK AT THE PALELOLITHIC CAVE PAINTING AT THE TOP OF PAGE 25 OF YOUR TEXTBOOKS.  TO MAKE THESE PAINTINGS, PALEOLOTHIC ARTISTS USED STONE LAMPS IN WHICH THEY BURNED ANIMAL FAT TO ILLUMINATE THE CAVE WALLS AND COMBINED POWDERED MINERAL ORES WITH ANIMAL FAT TO CREATE RED, YELLOW, AND BLACK PIGMENTS.  WHAT DO YOU BELIEVE WAS THE PUROSE OF THESE PAINTINGS? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWERS.

DO NOW

 LOOK AT THE PALELOLITHIC CAVE PAINTING AT THE TOP OF PAGE 5 OF YOUR TEXTBOOKS.  TO MAKE THESE PAINTINGS, PALEOLOTHIC ARTISTS USED STONE LAMPS IN WHICH THEY BURNED ANIMAL FAT TO ILLUMINATE THE CAVE WALLS AND COMBINED POWDERED MINERAL ORES WITH ANIMAL FAT TO CREATE RED, YELLOW, AND BLACK PIGMENTS.  WHAT DO YOU BELIEVE WAS THE PUROSE OF THESE PAINTINGS? EXPLAIN YOUR ANSWERS.

One of the basic features of the human species is the ability to make tools. The earliest tools were made of stone. The term Paleolithic is used to designate the early period of human history (approximately 2,500,000 to 10, 000 B.C.) in which humans used simple stone tools.

 13. Paleolithic Age ( 2,500,000 to 10, 000 B.C.)  13. Old Stone Age (period of human history in which humans used simple stone tools  14. acquiring food  14. hunting and gathering (buffalo, bison, horses, and reindeer) (nuts and berries)  15. nomads  15. people who move from place to place

DO NOW

 DISTINGUISH THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN PREHISTORY AND HISTORY.

 WHAT MUST SCIENTISTS DO INORDER TO PIECE TOGETHER WHAT HAPPENED DURING THE PREHISTORIC AGES?

 WHAT ARE THESE SCIENTISTS CALLED?

It is probable that both men and women were responsible for finding food—the chief work of Paleolithic peoples. Because women bore and raised children, they were likely to have stayed close to their camps while men would hunt (which might take place far from camp.

 16. men acquiring food  16. by hunting large animals away from camp  17. women acquiring food  17. staying close to their camp gathering nuts and berries  18. shelter  18. caves; overtime creating simple structures of wood poles and animal hides

As early hominids moved from the tropics into colder regions, they needed to adjust to new, often harsh conditions. Perhaps most important to their ability to adapt was the use of fire.

 19. use of fire  19. gave warmth; protection; was used for hunting; to cook (made the food longer lasting; better tasting; and easier to chew and digest)

DO NOW

 A group of you are trapped on a secluded island and have no way off and no means of food. What roles would you give men and what roles would you give women when it comes to survival such as retrieving food?

 Distinguish between the roles of Paleolithic men and women in finding food. Explain why finding food was the principal work of Paleolithic peoples.

DO NOW

 ALTHOUGH DURING THE PREHISTORIC AGE THERE WERE NO WRITTEN RECORDS, PRETEND AS IF YOU ARE LIVING DURING THE PREHISTORIC AGES AND WRITE A ONE PARAGRAPH JOURNAL ABOUT YOUR LIFE DURING THIS DIFFICULT PERIOD.

 WHAT ARE YOUR DAILY DUTIES? HOW DIFFICULT IS IT TO ACQUIRE FOOD?

Having fire to create a source of heat was especially important when Ice Age conditions descended on the Paleolithic world. The most recent Ice Age began about 100,000 B.C. and ended in about 8000 B.C. During this time, sheets of thick ice covered large parts of Europe, Asia, and North America.

 20. Ice Age  100,000 yrs ago earth began to cool; water froze into huge ice sheets (glaciers)  21. Creating art   21. paintings of lions, owls, oxen, panthers and other animals By crushing mineral ores and combining them with animal fat, they could paint in red, yellow and black

Section 2: The Neolithic Revolution and the Rise of Civilization

 1. Neolithic Revolution  2. Neolithic   1. the revolution that occurred in the Neolithic Age, the period of human history from 8000 to 4000 B. C.

2. “new stone”  3. systematic agriculture  3. growing of food on a regular basis

The growing of crops on a regular basis gave rise to more permanent settlements. Historians refer to these settlements as Neolithic farming villages. Neolithic villages appeared in Europe, India, Egypt, China, and Mesoamerica.

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4. domestication

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4. adaptation for human use (ex: dogs, cows, pigs)

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5. Neolithic Farming Villages

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5. permanent settlements (ex: Jericho is located in Palestine near the Dead Sea

DO NOW

 WHAT IS THE PALEOLITHIC AGE AND THE NEOLITHIC AGE?

 DISTINGUISH THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE PALEOLITHIC AGE AND THE NEOLITHIC AGE AS FAR AS HOW PEOPLE ACQUIRED THEIR FOOD.

DO NOW

 WHAT IS DOMESTICATION AND HOW WAS IT VITAL TO THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION??????

The oldest and biggest Neolithic farming villages were located in Southwest Asia such as Jericho in Palestine near the Dead Sea and Catal Huyuk located in modern day Turkey.

 6. Catal Huyuk   6. farming village; lived in simple mud brick houses The houses were so close together that people had to walk along the rooftops and then enter through holes in the roofs  7. acquiring food  7. people grew their own food and kept it in storerooms; domesticated animals and hunted

Diagram of Catal Huyuk

As a result of this food production, people often had more food than they needed right away. In turn, food surpluses made it possible for people to do things other than farming. Some people became artisans.

 8. artisans  8. skilled workers who made products such as weapons and jewelry that were traded with neighboring people  9. religion  9. special buildings with shrines containing figures of gods and goddesses

Artisans: Skilled workers made products such as weapons and jewelry that were traded with neighboring people Fish Hook Neolithic Pot Clay Figure

DO NOW

 EXPLAIN THE NEOLITHIC REVOLUTION. WHAT DOES THE NEOLITHIC (AGRICULTRAL REVOLUTION) LEAD TO WHEN IT COMES TO DISCUSSING SOCIETIES. EXPLAIN WHY….

The Neolithic agricultural revolution had far-reaching consequences. The dramatic changes that took place during this period led to further changes, affecting the way that people would live for thousands of years.

 10. Consequences of Neolithic Revolution  10. organized communities, stored food and other material goods, began to trade, created labor division  11. men  12. women   11. became more active in farming and herding animals 12. stayed at home caring for children and weaving cloth, turning milk into cheese

Consequences of the Neolithic Age (8,000 B.C.E.-4,000 B.C.E.)

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Systematic agriculture Domestication of animals Building permanent settlements Growth of population Urbanization roles of men and women alter Trade develops (exchange of ideas) Division of labor emerges Government develops along with military Interaction with other communities through trade Cultural diffusion/exchange of technology Development of culture

Between 4000 and 3000 B.C. new developments began to affect Neolithic towns in some areas. The use of metals marked a new level of control over the environment. Even before 4000 B.C. craftspeople had discovered that by heating metal-bearing rocks, they could turn metal into liquid. Copper was the first to be used.  13. Bronze Age (3,000-1200 B.C.E.)  13. craftspeople discovered that by mixing copper and tin bronze would be created wide spread use of Bronze from 3000 to 1200 B.C.;  14. culture  14. the way of life that people follow  15. civilization   15. highly organized society Civilization is a complex culture in which large number of human beings share a number of common elements

By the beginning of the Bronze Age, large numbers of people were concentrated in the river valleys of Mesopotamia, Egypt, India, and China. This would lead to a whole new pattern of life.

6 Most Important Characteristics of a Civilization  1. the rise of cities-developed near river valleys  2. the growth of governments-organized and regulate human activity  3. the role of religion-explains natural occurrences & own existence  4. social structure-class system (economic power)  5. The use of writing-record keeping, creative expression  6. Artistic Activity-tools, weapons, buildings, jewelry

DO NOW WHAT WAS THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG ARTISTIC ACTIVITIES, RELIGION, AND GOVERNMENT DURING THE RISE OF CIVILIZATION??????? (look on page 30 & 31)

DO NOW

Create a diagram like the one below to show how changes during the Neolithic Revolution led to the emergence of civilization. Look in Chapter 1 Section 2 of your textbooks on pages 27-31.

Civilization

DO NOW

 LIST THE SIX BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A CIVILIZATION AND GIVE AN EXAMPLE OF EACH CHARACTERISTIC!!!!!

QUIZ ESSAYS

 (1) One effect of the Neolithic Revolution, which began around 10,000 B.C.E., was an increase in human populations. Explain why this increase happened. Support your answer with at least two examples. In your response, include a brief description of the Neolithic Revolution.  (2) List the six basic characteristics of a civilization. Try to explain each of them thoroughly