Transcript - Rabun County School District

CHAPTER 1
THE PEOPLING OF THE
WORLD
HUMAN ORIGINS IN AFRICA
• FOSSIL evidence shows that the earliest
humans originated from Africa and spread
across the globe.
• VOCABULARY: Artifact, Culture, Hominid,
Paleolithic Age, Neolithic Age, technology,
Homo Sapiens
GUIDED READING SECTION 1
NAME
TRAITS
Australopithecines Opposable thumb
Homo habilis
Small Brain
Homo erectus
Larger Brain,
more intelligent
Neanderthals
Heavy brow,
large muscles,
thick bones
Identical to us
Cro-Magnons
ACHIEVMENTS
First to walk
upright
First toolmaker,
butcher
First to use fire,
spoken language,
migrate
Religious beliefs,
built shelters
Planned projects,
language
Compare Old Stone Age and New Stone
Age
STONE AGE
BEGAN
Paleolithic Age 2.5
million
B.C.
Neolithic Age
ENDED
Achievements
8000B.C. Made chopping
tools
8000B.C. 3000B.C. Polished stone
tools, made
pottery, grew
crops, raised
animals
Explain the work of
ANTHROPOLOGISTS,
ARCHAEOLOGISTS, and
PALEONTOLOGISTS.
• Archaeologists examine artifacts uncovered at
digs to learn about the technology and other
achievements of prehistoric people
• Anthropologists study people’s culture.
• Paleontologists study and date fossil remains.
Humans Try to Control Nature
GUIDED READING SECTION 2
• 1. How did hunter-gatherers use technology to improve
their chances of survival?
– Used Stone, bone, and wood to craft special tools to kill
game, catch fish and pry plants loose
• 2. What types of art did Paleolithic people create?
– Necklaces, polished beads, carved sculptures, of animals,
cave paintings
• 3.What factors led to the Agricultural Revolution?
– Discovery that scattered seeds grew into crops, rising
temperatures, rich supply of grain, food demand of small
population boom!
• 4. How did farming develop and spread worldwide?
– Developed in different places world wide and spread from
centers of agriculture to neighboring regions
• 5. What were some of the cultural achievements of
Neolithic villagers?
– Farmers, mirrors, jewelry, knives, colorful wall paintings;
religious shrines
• 6. What problems did early villagers face?
– Natural disasters, disease, looting
Explain how stone age peoples used
slash-and burn farming and the
domestication of animals to produce a
steady source of food.
• Farmers planted crops on land they cleared and
fertilized using the slash-and-burn method.
• Domestication may have begun with herding of
animals into enclosures to be used as a constant
source of food.
GUIDED READING SECTION 3
Patterns of Change: Civilization
Village
and
town
life
begin.
ECONOMIC CHANGES
SOCIAL CHANGES
Irrigation Systems
Food surpluses
Prosperous Economy
New skills and TRADE
Development of SOCIAL CLASSES
Organized Religion
Complex Relationships
Cities emerge and grow.
ECONOMIC CHANGES
SOCIAL CHANGES
Expansion of TRADE (Wider Area)
Exploding Population!!!
Specialized Workers
Emergence of GOVERNMENT (Keep order)
Advanced Technology
Formal Religious Institutions
CIVILIZATIONS ARISE!!!
Explain how UR typified an ancient
civilization.
• Advanced technology and the opportunity for
specialization allowed people in UR to work as
artisans, traders, and officials in complex
institutions such as government and religion.
Scribes invented a system of writing called
cuneiform to keep track of rituals and barter
transactions between farmers and merchants.
There center of life in UR was the Ziggurat, a
massive temple.
REVIEW OF
CHAPTER 1
What do anthropologists
mean when they use the
term CULTURE?
A culture is a people’s unique
way of life.
What are some common
practices that a culture
shares?
Diet, Clothing, sports, tools
and technology, customs,
work, etc.
What are some examples
of social organization of
a culture?
Family, class and caste structure,
government, economic system,
view of authority, relationships
between individuals and
communities
From what institutions
or groups in a society do
individuals learn their
culture?
Media, family, friends,
government, religious
institutions, school, workplace
A human-made object
Artifact
Humans and other
creatures that walk
upright.
HOMINIDS
Another name for the
OLD stone Age.
PALEOLITHIC AGE
Ways of applying
knowledge, tools, and
invention to meet human
needs
TECHNOLOGY
Species name for
modern Humans
HOMO SAPIENS
FAMOUS DISCOVERY
OF CAVE PAINTINGS
LASCAUX
Highly mobile people
who moved from place
to place searching for
new food sources were
called……..
People whose food
supply depended on
hunting animals and
collecting plant foods
were called….
Another name for the
Neolithic Revolution
was the …….
Early farmers used
slash-and-burn methods
because…….
The taming of animals in
order to raise them as a
constant source of food
was know as …..
The development of
skills in a specific kind
of work
SPECILIZATION
Professional record
keeper
SCRIBE
The time when people
began using a mixture of
copper and tin to shape
tools and weapons
BRONZE AGE
A system of writing
invented in SUMER
CUNEIFORM
A way of trading goods
and services without
money
BARTER
A pyramid-shaped,
tiered monument found
in Ur
ZIGGURAT