Transcript From Hunters and Farmers to Gatherers—Chapter Three

From Hunters and Gatherers to
Farmers
Chapter Three
The Time Period
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Stone Age—
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period of time when early humans used stone to
make tools.
Begins with hominids who could make tools, lasts
until people began using metal
2 million BCE-3000 BCE
The Ages of the Stone Age
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Paleolithic Age (Old Stone Age)
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People got their food by hunting and gathering
People moved about the countryside looking for
food and safe shelter
Neolithic Age (New Stone Age)
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People learned how to farm and raise animals
People began to settle in one place
From the Old to New Stone Age
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In the Paleolithic Age people were huntergatherers
Over thousands of years, people learned to
raise animals and plant foods. This began
the Neolithic Age. (c. 8000 BCE-3000 BCE)
How do you think learning to keep animals
and farm changed the way people lived?
Creating a Stable Food Supply
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Early farmers learned to domesticate
animals. They raised sheep, goats, and
cattle for meat. They used other animals to
help them work.
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Domesticate—to train a wild animal to be
useful to humans
Agriculture created a more stable food
supply
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Agriculture is the business of farming
Making Permanent Shelters
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During the Paleolithic age, people lived in
temporary shelters. Why?
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Because they were hunter gatherers. This meant
they were constantly moving around for food.
As people settled down to farm, they started
building more permanent shelters
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Mud and stone were used to build the homes
Ladders were used to get into the openings high
in the walls of the structure
How did permanent shelter change the
way people lived?
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Protection from harsh weather and wild
animals
Life was more comfortable
New ways of cooking were developed
People formed larger communities
Communities
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With agriculture, came the development of early
villages
How did living in communities change the way
people lived?
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Division of jobs
Groups of people working together made jobs more efficient
More time to invent new ideas
Better defense
All of this lead to larger and larger populations
Jobs
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Paleolithic times—people’s main job was
finding food
Neolithic times—agriculture creates stable
food supply so people can develop
specialized skills
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Farmers
Clothing makers
Craftspeople, stoneworkers
Trade
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Paleolithic hunter/gatherers rarely traded
In Neolithic times, trading became much
more common
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Traded for resources like flint and ores
Trade was not easy!
Brought people in contact with others thus
allowing for sharing if ideas, resources, and
knowledge
How did agriculture change the way
people lived?
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Stable food supply
Permanent housing
Communities
Jobs
Trade