Transcript The Neolithic Revolution

• How did we get here according to modern
science?
• How did people get food before farming?
• Briefly try to explain how we are able to get
a double cheese burger for a dollar, how is
that even possible? How do the ingredients go
from farm to the store?
• How did we (people) get here?
• According to historians humans evolved from an earlier ancestor. Our
earliest ancestors are known as Hominids
• How did people get food before farming?
• Early humans got their food by hunting and gathering
• Briefly try to explain how we are able to get a double cheese
burger for a dollar, how is that even possible? How do the
ingredients go from farm to field?
• Explain in detail how the Neolithic/Agricultural Revolution led to
the rise of complex civilization
• The First Humans, also known as Hominids
• Australopithecines, c. 2-4 million years ago East and
South Africa
• Homo erectus, c. 100,000-1.5 million years ago
• “upright human being”
• Europe and Asia
• Homo sapiens (“wise human being”)
• Neanderthal, c. 100,000-30,000 B.C.
• Neander valley of Germany, Europe and Middle East
• Homo sapiens sapiens,
• c. 200,000-150,000 B.C.
• “wise, wise human being”
• Africa
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Paleolithic Age, c. 2,500,000-10,000 B.C.E
Nomadic people
Gender based Division of labor
Fire, 500,000 years ago
Cave Paintings
Lived near river valleys
• Based on the
picture, what activities
Can we infer Paleolithic
People engaged in
Take a minute to read
this comic. Based on
what you read what
was the Neolithic
Revolution?
Domestication can
be defined as a
“…primitive form of
genetic engineering in
which certain plants
and animals are
brought under human
control, their
unwanted
characteristics
eliminated and their
favorable ones
enhanced
In contrast to hunting and gathering as a mode of life,
agriculture means modifying the environment in order to
exploit it more effectively.
Agriculture alters both the animals and plants it
domesticates.
Ultimately, it changes the very landscape itself.
• Write the following in your notebook….
• A Nomadic society is one that is constantly on the
move following animals and vegetation cycles
• A Sedentary society is one that stays in one place and
uses agriculture to support itself
Imagine you are one of the few survivors of the zombie
apocalypse. You and your group have been traveling for
months and several of the members are thinking of
finding a place to settle down. Think of one advantage
and one disadvantage that would come with staying in
one place. Then think of one advantage and one
disadvantage that would come with staying on the move.
Nomadic Communities (write two for each!)
Lifestyle
Use wild animals and
plants for food
Migrate seasonally
Live in family or tribal
groups
Advantages
Disadvantages
Land supplies what is
needed.
Movement easier when
food is scarce.
Life encourages
cooperation & language
skills.
Special weapons/tools for
hunting/digging plants.
People are always
searching for new food
sources.
It is more difficult to
store food.
People must carry
everything along when
traveling.
Only simple social
organization was
possible.
Patterns of Living: Paleolithic Period to the Neolithic Revolution
Sedentary Communities (write two for each!)
Lifestyle
Advantages
Raise herds of tame
animals
Plant seeds and raise
crops
Live in permanent
settlements
Crops provide a reliable
food supply.
Population grows as life
becomes more complex.
Societies become more
complex.
Trade increases and
commerce develops.
Division of labor allows
workers to specialize.
Disadvantages
Crop failures due to
weather or pests cause
famines.
Floods, fire, or even
raiders could destroy
villages.
Disease spreads easily
when people live
together.
Patterns of Living: Paleolithic Period to the Neolithic Revolution
• Shift from nomadic (always moving around, following animal
herds) to sedentary (stay in one place) societies
• Domesticate animals rather than only hunting
• Domesticate and cultivate plants rather than searching for
edible food
• Job Specialization & new trades
Civilization is a form of
human culture in which
many people live in urban
centers, have mastered the
art of smelting metals, and
have developed a method
of writing.
One definition of
civilization requires that a
civilized people have a
sense of history -- meaning
that the past counts in the
present.
The first civilizations
began in cities, which
were larger, more
populated, and more
complex in their political,
economic and social
structure than Neolithic
villages.
• What do you think makes a
civilization?
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1. Organized Government
2. Complex Religion
3. Job Specialization
4.Social Classes
5.Arts & Architecture
6.Public Works
7.Writing
• Çatul Hüyük, 6700-5700 B.C
• It was a walled Neolithic community sustained by
food surpluses enabling
• Religion, specialization of labor, government,
writing, etc…
• You will be given a data sheet to complete while you read about 8
different potential civilizations
• IT is up to you and your partner to figure out which candidate is a
civilization and which is not
• To be considered a civilization a candidate must meet every
qualifier – this means you’ll need to use evidence from the text to
prove your claim.
Scenario…
You are approximately 30 years old. You are married and
raising a family. Both you and your spouse are selfemployed. The wife has to work an average of only 2 hours
per day, while the husband works a maximum of 5 hours a
day. This labor is sufficient to provide for your family’s
basic needs of food, clothing and shelter. All of your
remaining time can be devoted to recreational, social and
religious affairs.
Would you exchange this situation for jobs requiring at least
10 hours of labor a day? Although the new jobs require
more work, they have a potential to produce a higher
standard of living. Please give reasons for your decision.
Archeologists estimate that, in
ordinary circumstances, the
activity of gathering in
temperate and tropic areas
provides 75 to 80% of the total
calories consumed, with
hunting providing the balance.
In existing hunting and
gathering cultures, women
usually do most of the
gathering, while the men
specialize in hunting.
Continue this under
where you left off on
your notes yesterday!
• How did the
Neolithic/Agricultural
Revolution change the
way humans lived?
• What did farming and the
domestication of animals
change in their day to day
life?