Transcript Navrongo Adolescent Health and Development Project

Assessing progress towards
universal primary education in the
Kassena-Nankana District
Cornelius Debpuur
George Wak
Paul Welaga
Navrongo Health Research Centre
Introduction
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Education as a critical factor in human development
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International efforts to promote access to education
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Individual level
Societal level
Several international goals for universal education since
1934; World Education Forum (Dakar 2000) & Millennium
Summit (New York 2000)
Education and the MDGs
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2 of 8 MDGs on education
Education central to achievement of all other MDGs
MDGs on education
GOAL
TARGET
MDG 2:
Achieve universal primary
education
Ensure that by 2015 children
everywhere, boys and girls alike,
will be able to complete a full
course of primary schooling
MDG 3:
Promote gender equality and
empower women
Eliminate gender disparity in
primary and secondary education,
preferably by 2005, and in all
levels of education no later than
2015
INDICATORS
Net enrolment ratio
 Proportion of pupils starting
grade 1 who reach grade 5
 Literacy rate of 15-24 year olds
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Ratios of girls to boys in
primary, secondary and tertiary
education
 Ratio of literate women to men,
15-24 years old
 Share of women in wage
employment in the nonagricultural sector
 Proportion of seats held by
women in national parliament
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Monitoring MDGs on Education
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Data requirements
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Current practice
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Longitudinal data on schooling
Longitudinal population data
Ideally both population and schooling data should
be from same source
Schooling data from official MoE data
Population data from UN population estimates
Uniqueness of DSS
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Schooling and population data from common source
Objectives
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Examine trends in primary schooling in the
Kassena-Nankana District (KND) between
2000 and 2005
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Focus on school participation and attainment
Emphasis on gender disparity
Assess progress towards universal primary
schooling in the district
Establish framework for monitoring MDGs on
education
Education in Ghana
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Formal education dates back to pre-colonial times
Major developments after independence, marked by
various policy changes
Current educational system largely a result of policy
reforms of the 1980s
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6-3-3-4 (beginning September 2007: 6-3-4-4)
Official starting age is 6 years
Free compulsory basic education (9 years) a
constitutional requirement
1996 – 2005 as time frame for implementation of
FCUBE
NDSS data on education
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Data on education updated annually since 1997
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Targets individuals 6 years or above
Updates for members whose status is “PR” or “AB”
Compound (household) respondent provides information
Updates usually done at beginning of calendar year
Information collected
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Ever attended school
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Highest level attended
Currently attending school
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School attending
Current level and grade
Methodology
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Analysis limited to 6-24 year olds
Compute indicators used in monitoring
MDGs
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Net enrolment at Primary and JSS
Ratio of girls to boys at Primary and JSS
Literacy rate
Period of observation - 2000 to 2005
Profile of Kassena-Nankana
District
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One of 138 districts in Ghana, and one of the
poorest districts
Population – 143,000
Main ethno-linguistic groups – Kassena and
Nankana
Educational facilities
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102 primary schools; 47 junior secondary schools;
7 senior secondary schools; 3 tertiary institutions
RESULTS SO FAR
Summary of samples analyzed
Year
Male
Female
Total
2000
30,607
27,439
58,046
2001
30,034
26,582
56,616
2002
30,534
27,187
57,721
2003
30,886
27,594
58,480
2004
30,944
28,116
59,060
2005
30,943
27,947
58,890
School attendance
Exclusion from school
Trends in percentage of 15-24 year olds w ho have never attended
school, KND 2000-2005
45
Percent never attended school
40
35
30
25
Boys
Girls
20
15
10
5
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
2004
2005
Gross primary attendance
Trends in Gross Prim ary Attendance in KND, 2000-2005
160
Gross Attendance Rate
140
120
100
Boys
80
Girls
60
40
20
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
2004
2005
Net primary attendance
Trends in Net Prim ary school attendance in KND, 2000-2005
80
Net Atttendance Rate
70
60
50
Boys
40
Girls
30
20
10
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
2004
2005
Gross JSS attendance
Trends in Gross JSS attendnance in KND, 2000-2005
70
Gross Attendance Rate
60
50
40
Boys
Girls
30
20
10
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
2004
2005
Net JSS attendance
Trends in Net JSS Attendance in KND, 2000-2005
14
Net Attendance Rate
12
10
8
Boys
Girls
6
4
2
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
2004
2005
Ratio of girls to boys in basic school
Trends in ratio of girls to boys in basic school
1
Ratio of girls to boys
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
Primary
0.5
JSS
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
2004
2005
School attainment
Primary school completion - I
Trends in percentage of 15-24 year olds w ho com pleted at least
prim ary six, KND 2000-2005
35
30
Percent
25
20
Boys
Girls
15
10
5
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
2004
2005
Primary school completion - II
Trends in prim ary school com pletion am ong 15-24 year
olds w ho ever attended school, KND 2000-2005
80
Percent completed primary
70
60
50
Boys
40
Girls
30
20
10
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
Year
2004
2005
Summary
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Not all young people in KND attend school,
but many more are likely to attend today than
before
More males than females attend school
Females tend to attend school at appropriate
ages than males
Evidence of late attendance and/or grade
repetition
Gender gaps in schooling persist
Challenges to Universal
Schooling
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Enrolment at appropriate ages
Enrolment of females
Regular attendance
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Retention in school
Grade progression
School quality
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Infrastructure
Quality of teaching
Next steps
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Examine socioeconomic disparities in school
attendance
Going beyond attendance to examine
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Retention
Grade progression
Acknowledgements
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People of Kassena-Nankana District
Staff of Navrongo Health Research Centre
Rockefeller Foundation
Thank you!