Transcript Politika in regulativa v Evropi in Sloveniji na področju

Networking is expensive
in small countries
Marko Bonač
ARNES, Slovenia
[email protected]
NREN budget par capita 2002
It is dependant on size of the country and
not on its GNI per capita (as one would expect) !
NREN budget per capita in 2002 (Terena Compendium)
0,5 EUR/cap
1 EUR/cap
More than 1 EUR/cap
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France
Germany
Italy
Spain
Czech Rep.
Estonia
Litva
Latvia
Denmark
Belgium
United Kingdom
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Ireland
Portugal
Croatia
Slovenia
The Netherlands
Norway
Finland
Switzerland
Running an NREN in small country is
expensive
In a small country it is more expensive
(calculated per user) to provide the same level of service.
 Relatively more international capacity is needed
 Low capacity circuits are relatively more expensive
 Circuits of the same capacity are often more expensive
 The NREN needs the same effort to introduce a new
service
International capacity needed (2001)
NREN
total int.
in country capacity
 Germany
 France
 UK
 Slovenia
 Ireland
 Switzerland
 Luxembourg
1000
850
800
45
120
300
20
pop.
82
59
60
2
3.7
7
0.4
capacity/
mil.pop
12
14
13
23
32
43
50
Average traffic received from GEANT
July 2002
Average received traffic per capita in
Austria, Slovenia, Croatia, Estonia, Greece,
Hungary, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Switzerland
was at least 6 times greater than in
France, United Kingdom, Germany, Spain
Price for international circuit is not a
linear function of capacity
1.200
price
per
Mbps
1.000
0.800
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
0
capacity
in Mbps
Circuits of the same capacity
are more expensive in small countries
 Telecommunication market is often not yet



liberalised
Telecommunication regulator has the same task
In many cases there is only one operator
There is less demand for high capacity circuits
Even TERENA membership contribution
is greater burden for small countries
NREN from
country
Germany
UK
Hungary
Estonia
Slovenia
Ireland
Luxembourg
TERENA contribution
in EUR/1 mil pop
873
1.194
1.756
2.985
4.477
4.840
22.385
What can be done ?
 Enlarge user community



(lower cost per user)
Foster a good relationship with Telecom
(pay less for the infrastructure)
Foster competition in telecommunication sector
(to pay less for the infrastructure)
Get more money from the government/from EC
Other considerations
 Most small countries are underdeveloped
 In most small countries there is not enough

competition in telecommunication sector
Most small countries are far away from the center of
Europe
But
 The development in the last ten years has been faster
 It is easier to change things in a small country