Transcript ESF - MTA

WHITHER EUROPEAN
SCIENCE?
NORBERT KROÓ
HUNGARIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
BUDAPEST,04.02.2005
EUROPEAN
UNION
GROWING SIGNIFICANCE OF KNOWLEDGE
RADICAL (GLOBAL, NATIONAL, REGIONAL) CHANGES
KNOWLEDGE BASED SOCIETY (ECONOMY)
RESOURCES (LABOUR, MATERIALS, ENERGY, CAPITAL,
KNOWLEDGE)
NEW PRACTICES IN RESEARCH
x
NEW PRIORITIES
x
DRYING OUT TECHNOLOGIES
NEW IDEAS--- RESEARCH
NEW POTENTIAL REVOLUTIONS (BIO-, NANO-, INFO- )
GLOBALIZATION
SUSPICIOUS SOCIETY
EUROPEAN
UNION
EUROPEAN
UNION
EUROPEAN
UNION
SCIENCE IS CHANGING (1).
* THE COMPLEXITY OF KNOWLEDGE INCREASES
 DEEPER KNOWLEDGE IN MORE NARROW FIELDS
* INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH EXPANDS
(COMPLEX PROBLEMS)
* THE COST OF RESEARCH (INFRASTRUCTURE) SKYROCKETS. GOVERNMENT INVOLVEMENT NEEDED
* INCREASING CRITICAL SIZE. NETWORKING.
(BOTH FINANCIALLY AND IN HUMAN POTENTIAL)
* STONGER INFLUENCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF
THE ECONOMY.
SCIENCE IS CHANGING (2).
* NEW WAYS OF DOING SCIENCE: „KNOWLEDGE BORN IN
CYBERSPACE” TROUGH THE INTERACTION OF
DISLOCATED SCIENTISTS
* DEVELOPMENT COSTS BEYOND THE POSSIBILITIES OF
COMPANIES  REQUEST FOR STATE INTERVENTION,
COMPANY CONSORTIA
* SCIENCE HAS BECOME FULLY INTERNATIONAL,
GLOBALIZATION.
THE KNOWLEDGE PARADOX
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SCIENCE INCREASES (1) AND THE
INTEREST OF THE YOUNG GENERATION DECREASES (2)
AD 1. MULTIDISCIPLINARY DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE
INTERACTION WITH THE ECONOMY
SHORTER AND NONLINEAR INNOVATION CHAIN
KNOWLEDGE AS ECONOMICAL DRIVING FORCE
SIGNIFICANT SHARE OF SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE
SKILLS APPLICABLE IN OTHER AREAS
AD 2. HARD WORK WITH MODEST FINANTIAL REWARDS
MANY OTHER CAREER PATHS
„PROBLEMLESS” CURRICULI IN HIGH SCHOOLS
SOCIETY IS CHANGING
* RESPECT FOR SCIENCE VARYING (HIGH
EXPECTATIONS BUT ALSO DISCONTENT)
* GROWING PUBLIC CONCERN ON THE POSSIBLE
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF SCIENCE (RADIOACTIVE
WASTE, CHEMICAL POLLUTION, IMPROPERLY TESTED
MEDICINES, BIOTECHNOLOGY, ETC.)
* AWARENESS OF THE SOCIETY ON PUBLIC SPENDING
* THREAT OF „INSTANT SCIENCE” DUE TO MEDIA AND
OTHER INTEREST
GOVERNANCE IS CHANGING
• IMPACT OF SCIENCE ON GDP INCREASES
• MILITARY RESEARCH SRINKS ( SECURITY RES.?)
• CONFLICT BETWEEN RESOURCES AND FUNDING
NEEDS
• NEW ROLES OF NATIONAL / INERNATIONAL (EU)
GOVERNANCE
CHANGING EUROPEAN
LANDSCAPE
* EUROPEAN RESEARCH COUNCIL
* EXPECTED DOUBLING OF THE R&D BUDGET OF THE EU
* THE NEW APPROACHES IN FP7
* THE 3% ISSUE
* THE IMPACT OF THE ENLARGEMENT PROCESS
* LARGE NUMBER OF EUROPEAN ORGANIZATIONS ON
THE SCENE (DRIVE FOR ADVISORY ROLE, ETC.)
NEEDED TO FOLLOW THESE RECENT CHANGES
SCIENCE POLICY ISSUES
* BASIC VS. APPLIED RESEARCH (US VS. EU PRACTICES)
* QUALITY AND EVALUATION
NOT OF THE WORK OF INDIVIDUAL SCIENTISTS
TO EXPLORE THE ACTIVITY OF EXISTING EUR. BODIES
* EUROPEAN PERFORMANCE (?!)
PUBLICATIONS, CITATIONS, GATEKEEPING
WEALTH CREATION
EUROPEAN
PRESENCE IN
PUBLICATIONS
PATENT
INDICATORS
EUROPEAN
UNION
THE NEAR PAST
INNOVATION PARADOX. SCIENCE POLICIES NOT IN HARMONY
LOW SPENDING ON R&D
FRAMEWORK PROGRAMMES
ERA (HARMONIZED SCIENCE POLICY AND INFRASTRUCTURE, MOBILITY, FINANCES, ARTICLE 169, NETWORK
OF CENTRES OF EXCELLENCE, …) STRUCT. FUNDS!
LISBON (KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMY – ERA)
BARCELONA (3%).
INFORMATION SOCIETY PROGRAMMES
x
FP6
PRIORITY FIELDS
R&D RECOGNIZED AS A KEY TO COMPETITIVENESS AND NEW (HIGH TECH.) JOBS
INCREASED RESEARCH POTENTIAL NEEDED
HUMAN CAPITAL (700,000 NEW RESEARCH POSITIONS)
PROPER INFRASTRUCTURE AND INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
STRONG (BASIC) RESEARCH BASE
ERC (excellence – competition on European level)
HIGHER R&D SPENDING
IMPROVED ACADEMIA - INDUSTRY RELATIONS
BETTER SCIENCE - SOCIETY RELATIONS
BASIC RESEARCH (1)
WHY BASIC RESEARCH?
EXCITING VENTURE
DRYING OUT TECHNOLOGIES. NEED FOR NEW IDEAS
(to a large extent from basic research)
MAIN PILLAR OF (ELITE) EDUCATION
DEVELOPS INSTRUMENTS (for applied research, for
industry and for designing the development path of
societies)
HIGHEST LEVEL OF DEMAND FOR INDUSTRY
BASIC RESEARCH (2)
HOW?
NONLINEAR INNOVATION CHAIN

MULTIDISCIPLINARY PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 
(BASIC RESEARCH SHOULD BE IN HARMONY WITH THE OTHER ELEMENTS OF THE CHAIN AND SO SHOULD BE THE DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES)
BALANCED SHARE OF DIFFERENT DISCIPLINES
HUMAN CAPITAL {TRAINING IN (BASIC) RESEARCH}
INFRASTRUCTURE (DISCIPLINARY AND GEOGRAPHICAL BALANCE)
APPROPRIATE INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
BALANCE BETWEEN NATIONAL AND EUROPEAN INSTITUTIONS, FACILITIES AND FINANCING
ERC: EXCELLENCE (competition on European scale)
PROFESSIONAL INDEPENDENCE
ATTRACTIVITY (larger grants than national; minimal
bureaucracy; EU funds)
PEER REVIEW ON MERIT BASIS ONLY
ALL DISCIPLINES
IN HARMONY WITH THE OTHER ELEMENTS OF THE R&D
CHAIN (THE ROLE OF THE COMMISSION)
EUROPEAN
UNION
ERC (1)
ONE OF THE KEY INSTRUMENTS TO REALIZE THE ERA
EXPECTED BENEFITS
- NEW KNOLEDGE, IDEAS, DISCOVERIES
- HIGHER QUALITY BY EUROPEAN SCALE COMPETITION
- STRONGER EUROPEAN RESEARCH EFFORTS
- DECREASING FRAGMENTATION
- MINIMAL DUPLICATION OF EFFORTS AND RESOURCES
- THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION MAY HAVE A BETTER VIEW
OF RESEARCH IN EUROPE
EUROPEAN
UNION
ERC (2)
HOW?
TO PROMOTE EXCELLENCE IN ALL AREAS OF SCIENCE
COMPETITIVE FUNDING
SPECIAL EUROPEAN PROGRAMMES FOR TRAINING AND
MOBILITY (TO INCREASE THE QUALITY AND NUMBER OF
RESEARCHERS IN EUROPE)
TO SUPPORT GROUP RESEARCH BUT INDIVIDUALS (FIRST OF
ALL YOUNG RESEARCHERS) TOO
EUROPEAN
UNION
ERC (3)
OWNERSHIP AND FUNDING
ERC CREATED BY THE UNION AND ITS HEADS OF STATES
ACCOUNTABLE TO THE EU THROUGH ITS GOVERNING BODY
AUTONOMOUS SCIENTIFIC DECISION MAKING BODY
FUNDING MAINLY FROM THE EU BUDGET (BUT NOT FROM FP)
IN THE NEW TREATY: EU SHOULD HAVE RIGHTS FOR DIRECT
FUNDING OF THE ERC
AGREEMENTS WITH OTHER ORGANIZATIONS SHOULD BE
POSSIBLE (E.G. TO OBTAIN FINANCES OR TO BUILD UP
OTHER FORMS OF CO-OPERATION)
EUROPEAN
UNION
ERC (4)
ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNANCE
GOVERNING BODY APPOINTED BY THE SPONSORS, THUS
ACCOUNTABLE TO THE POLITICAL SYSTEM
APPROPRIATE POWER OF THE BOARD (SHOULD INCLUDE
REPRESENTATIVES OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM, INDUSTRY
AND THE WIDER SOCIETY)
BUT AUTONOMY AND INDEPENDENCE (IN LINE WITH
SCIENTIFIC STANDARDS AND CONDUCT)
EUROPEAN
UNION
ERC (5)
HOW TO START?
URGENTLY (IF THE DECISIONS OF LISBON AND BARCELONA
ARE TAKEN SERIOUSLY)!
TO START WITH THE AIM TO HAVE (MAINLY) CATALYTIC
EFFECTS
(BUT WITH THE POTENTIAL AND APPROPRIATE
ORGANIZATION OF THE ERC TO BECOME A MAJOR
RESEARCH PROMOTING BODY IN EUROPE)
MAIN GOALS
1.HUMAN POTENTIAL DEVELOPMENT [EDUCATION, TRAINING IN RESEARCH, GENDER ISSUE,NEW MEMBERS,
1
YOUNG GENERATION!!,(BOLOGNA
2 PROCESS,…)]
2.RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE
* VITAL FOR IHP BUT FOR REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT TOO
* LARGE FACILITIES (LHC, ITER, etc.)
Eur. added value,
* MEDIUM SIZED INFRASTRUCTURES
 complementary,
* SMALL INSTRUMENTS (UNIQUE OR LOCAL)  networked.
* EUROPEAN USE OF NATIONAL FACILITIES ( THE
EC FP PRAXIS HAS BEEN A GREAT SUCCESS)
OBJECTIVES (1)
DEVELOP IDEAS ON HOW THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS
COULD CONTRIBUTE TO THE 3% OBJECTIVE
TO ACHIEVE SYNERGY (with other instruments)
NORMATIVE AND NOT COMPETITIVE ACCESS
MIX OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE, LOCAL AND EU
FINANCING
INCREASE THE P&P FUNDING ADDED TO SF FOR R&D
HOW TO SUPPORT NEW MEMBERS (KEY SIGNIFICANCE)
CONVINCE THE DECISION MAKERS ON THE NECESSITY
OF THE USE OF SF-S FOR R&D
WHAT ABOUT THE SMALLER
COUNTRIES?
IN HUMAN CAPACITY BUILDING:
THE QUALITY DEMANDS ARE THE SAME OR BIGGER
(Big countries make their citizens great, small countries are made great by their citizens)
INTERNATIONAL MOBILITY MORE IMPORTANT
TO OVERCOME THE LANGUAGE BARRIER
SPECIFITIES IN THE DEMAND FOR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE
SPECIFICITIES IN INFRASTRUCTURE (1)
*THE BUILDING UP OF NETWORKS (UNIVERSITIES,
RESEARCH INSTITUTES WITH RES. INFRASTRUCTURE,
INDUSTRY, EDUCATIONAL AND TRAINING UNITS, TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER INSTITUTIONS, VENTURE CAPITAL
SUPPLIERS) OF INCREASED SIGNIFICANCE.
*PREFERENCE OF MEDIUM SIZE FACILITIES(ANALYTICAL
INSTRUMENTS, MATERIALS STUDY INSTRUMENTS,
DATABANKS, BIO INFORMATICS CENTERS),
BROADER IMPACT ON LOCAL TECHNOLOGY NEEDS)
SPECIFICITIES (2)
* THESE FACILITIES ARE LESS SPECIFIC, OPEN
BROADER COOPERATION BETWEEN ACADEMIA AND
LOCAL (REGIONAL) INDUSTRY,
* THEY OFFER SERVICE TO LOCAL COMPANIES AND
THE EXPERTIZE OF THE SCIENTIFIC STAFF.
STATE OF ART IN THE NEW
MEMBER COUNTRIES
NEED TO IMPROVE THE KNOWLEDGE BASE
UNDERFINANCED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
LOW NUMBER OF RESEARCHERS (WELL TRAINED,
BUT NOT OPTIMALLY USED)
STRUCTURAL PROBLEMS MOSTLY SOLVED
THEY SHOULD BE TREATED AS THE OLD MEMBERS
RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE ON DIFFERENT LEVELS
IN GENERAL WEAK, BUT IMPROVING;OTHER HURTING INFRASTRUCTURAL PRIORITIES (E.G.ROADS, RAILWAYS,ETC.) STRUCTURAL
CENTRAL-EUROPEAN CONTRIBUTION
THE REPLY OF THE HUNGARIAN COMMISSIONER TO A
SIMILAR QUESTION AT THE EU PARLAMENT:
BASIC RESEARCH IN THE NEW MEMBER COUNTRIES IS
ALSO STRONG ENOUGH TO CONTRIBUTE TO WEALTH
CREATION
FINANCES
3% TARGET
FOR R&D IN NATIONAL BUDGETS
PROPER INCREASE IN THE COMMUNITY BUDGET TOO
SUPPORT FOR BASIC RESEARCH (ERC) SHOULD BE
PART OF THE FP BUDGET
COMPETITION ON EQUAL TERMS FOR ALL (neither
preference nor biased judgement of new members in the
selection process of grant applications)
STRUCTURAL FUNDS FOR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE
(to help to bridge the existing gap of chances)
A NEW INITIATIVE
TO OVERCOME THESE DIFFICULTIES A STRONGER
ROLE OF THE STRUCTURAL FUNDS IN STRENGHTENING
OF THE KNOWLEDGE BASE IS RECOMMENDED
{in line with the Lisbon-Barcelona (ERA, 3%) and the
Göteborg (sustainable development) objectives}
KEY SIGNIFICANCE FOR THE NEW MEMBERS
COMMISSION INITIATED WORK IN EURAB, BUDAP. CONF.
( EURAB document for the Commission with
support from the Research and Regional
DG-s)
EUROPEAN
UNION
WHAT SHOULD BE DONE?
TO CREATE A GENERAL, COMPETITIVE SUPPORT STRUCTURE
ON EUROPEAN LEVEL, TO PROMOTE EXCELLENCE IN BASIC
AND STRATEGIC RESEARCH
PROPER EMPHASIS ON RESEARCH IN THE NEW COSTITUTION
HIGHER SPENDING BOTH ON EUROPEAN AND NATIONAL
LEVELS, MAXIMIZE INVESTMENT IN RESEARCH
APPROPRIATE ORGANIZATION (STRUCTURE)
NEW INSTRUMENTS
EUROPEAN ADDED VALUE (EXCELLENCE, BUT THE FIRST
PRIORITY SHOULD BE COMPETITION ON EUROPEAN SCALE
EUROPEAN
UNION
WHAT SHOULD BE DONE?
EURAB (WG-S)
ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES IN ERA, ENLARGEMENT AND ERA,
EVALUATION, ERA SCOPE AND VISION, IMPROVING
INNOVATION, INCREASING THE ATTRACTIVENESS OF
CARREERS, BOOSTING JOINT INVESTEMENT IN R&D (3%),
SME-S AND ERA, SOCIAL SCIENCES
EC (COMMUNICATIONS)
HARMONIZATION (ERA, EHEA, EIA)
ERC
ERCEG (ESF, EURAB, EMBO,…)
EUROPEAN
UNION
CENTRAL AND EAST EUROPE
CHANGES IN SCIENCE EARLIER THAN IN OTHER FIELDS
SIGNIFICANT GAP BETWEEN THE EU AND CEE
EVEN BIGGER DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CEEC-S
THE NEED FOR SIMULTANEOUS GLOBAL AND LOCAL
CHANGES (RESEARCH STRUCTURE, FINANTIAL,
ECONOMICAL,…)
CHANGES GO TOGETHER WITH SIGNIFICANT RISKS
RISKS CORRELATED WITH UNCERTAINTIES