Transcript Community - Andhra Pradesh

Poverty eradication through community
managed sustainable agriculture
a way out of serious crisis in agriculture
SERP
MMS
SANET
…a new beginning
Indira kranthi patham
women’s empowerment for poverty eradication
S.E.R.P is implementing a Rs.2100 cr statewide project to
raise rural poor’s incomes and improve quality of life
Knowledge & awareness
Organize rural women’s
groups
& their federations
Government departments
Financial institutions
Panchayati raj institutions
Investment support
Markets and other nongovt institutions
Outreach and institutional structure
• Programme present in every village of the state
• S.H.Gs have been formed in each village
• More than 90% of rural poor are organised
• 86.5 lakhs rural women organised into 6,88,200 S.H.Gs (upto March
2007)
(35% of all S.H.Gs in the country are in A.P)
• Own savings : Rs.1340 Crores, Corpus : Rs. 2990 Crores.
• 31,500 V.Os, 946 MSs and 21 Z.S s formed
Vision
To enable each poor family in the state, to improve their livelihoods and
quality of life
a family out of poverty experiences:

improved status in society

comprehensive food security – freedom from hunger

earns minimum of Rs.5000/- per month, from 3 - 4 stable livelihoods

planned house-hold expenditure

Social Security – risks to life, health, assets and incomes are covered

good shelter

good education

good health
C.B.Os implement
A.P Federation
Model the project
ZS
Zilla Samakhaya
Mandal Samakhyas and V.Os plan and implement the various
200,000
• E.C - 2 from each V.O, 5 Office bearers
400,000
project
components
• Support
to VOs
• Secure linkage with Govt. Depts.
 Each Mandal is divided into three Clusters of 10-12 habitations.
fin institutions, markets
A groups
development
• Auditing 
of the
•
professional, called Community Coordinator
(CC) is placed in each Cluster. S/he stays in MMS
her cluster. Mandal
Micro Finance functions
4000
Samakhaya
them. After completion
of training,
they
6000
areofcontracted
by the MS and are accountable to MS.
Strengthening
SHGs
 SERP
selects
trains
• E.C - 2 from
each S.H.G,
5 Office and
bearers
•
• Arrange 
lineM.S
of credit
to the SHGsfor
responsible
•
social mobilisation, institution building and
Social action
funding the microplans of S.H.Gs/V.Os from C.I.F
• Village development
•
•
 Micro credit plans are evolved by the
S.H.Gs Village
in eachOrganization
village.
V.O
Marketing and
food security
These
plans are funded by their own savings, CIF fund and
Support activists
3 -5
Bank–Linkage.
150 200
 V.Os responsible for appraising the microplans
• Thrift and credit activities
recommending them to M.S for financing from C.I.F
and
• Monitoring group performance
 V.Os
appraise
• Micro Credit
Planning
recycled
C.I.F
• Household inv
plans
microplans and also finance them from the
SHGs
SHGs
SHGs
SHGs
SELF HELP GROUPS
SHGs
SHGs
Key achievements
1.
2.
-
Community based targeting - focus on the ultrapoor
Financing the poor:
Project finance (C.I.F) – Rs.869.0 crores
Financing S.H.Gs through Banks. Rs.197.0 crores to Rs.3225 crores
in 6 years – 16 fold increase.
Current year plan – Rs.6500.0 crores
Pavala vaddi
Debt swapping by banks
Strengthening asset base of the poor – investments in agriculture,
livestock, non-farm, small businesses, etc
Project fund management & S.H.G Bank linkages
Mandal
Samakhya
Terms of Partnership
(VO – MS)
Repayment
Period
100 - 120
Months
Terms of Partnership
(SHG – VO)
Village
Organization
Banks
40 - 60
months
Terms of Partnership
(Member – SHG)
Prioritization of Needs
and Members
Micro Credit Plan
SHG
SHG
Members
SHG
12-24
months
3. Collective marketing of agriculture,
horticulture,NTFP produce and dairy
To enable the poor to get fair terms of trade for their produce through their
networks
 Village level marketing centres managed by S.H.Gs - traditional market
yards – trader centred and not fair to poor farmers
 From Rs.1 cr in 01-02 to Rs.126 crs in 06 – 07. In 2007-08, marketing
turnover crossed Rs.216 crs.
 Intensive training to women in handling quality, logistics, finances, and
marketing
 Major commodities: maize, paddy, redgram, soybean, neem, groundnut,
castor, coffee, cashew, NTFP, etc.
 Milk – village milk collection centres and mandal level B.C.Us
 Major constraint - Post harvest facilities, simple value addition and
storage at village level
Rabi 2007 - Paddy procurement by Village Organisations
 Paddy procurement in Rabi 2007 by Village organizations at MSP in
partnership with A.P.S. C.S.C
 Major innovation of State Govt. to ensure M.S.P benefit reaches the
small and marginal farmers
 Procurement in 316 village procurement centres
 Total Paddy Procured – 3.24 Lakh MT
 Value of Paddy Procured– Rs. 210 Crores
 Minimum benefit of Rs.800 per M.T to farmers
Key achievements …contd
1.
Community managed food security
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Collective buying and supplying essential commodities to members from
open market on credit.
Benefiting 16.4 lakh families by March, 2007.
Plan to cover 40.0 lakh families by March, 2008.
Each family saves Rs. 80 – Rs.120 per month
Local demand for farmers’ produce
2.
Social risk management – 19.8 lakhs
3.
Impact on public administration – convergence with all line
departments
Extensive use of community best practitioners
4.
Community managed sustainable agriculture
Context – acute crisis in agriculture
 16 out of 32 distress districts are in AP
 Ever increasing costs of cultivation due to
externalization of inputs specially seeds and
pesticides
 Increasing dependence on traders and dealers
for credit
 Increasing ecological costs due to high chemical
use
 Decreasing margins to farmers
Women groups and agriculture…
• In spite of vibrant women SHG movement, no
significant improvement in agriculture based
livelihoods
• Marketing intervention was the first major
intervention - but not the complete solution
• Searching for the options…
October, 2004
Punukula one bright star…
• Farmers completely gave up pesticides adopting
Non Pesticidal Management
• At the village level more than Rs.50 lakhs saving
every year
• Reduced expenditure on health
• Reduced migration
• More opportunities for farming leasing in lands
• No suicides after NPM intervention
Challenge : Can small experiences be scaled up ?
•
•
•
•
•
Relevance of small experiences on a wider scale
Availability of resources locally
Farmers willingness
institutional and support systems
supplementing farmers’ Knowledge and enhancing
the skills
• Reducing the time of transformation
• Reaching to larger areas
Non Pesticidal Managment
 It is a paradigm shift in moving from input
centric model to knowledge and skill based
model. It involves making best use of natural
resources locally available and take best
advantage of the natural processes.
 A “system that maintains the insect
populations at levels below those causing
economic injury, by having healthy crop and
managing the population dynamics in the crop
ecosystem”
 Farmer gains control over inputs – reduce
dependence on external inputs
WASSAN
December 2004
Piloting institutional model...
 Piloting NPM as a livelihood intervention in
Kosgi MMS during 2004
 Farmers trained systematically and
technical support provided in the form of
coordinators
 In 225 acres, average savings of Rs.
1200/acre on Red gram the total savings
were Rs.2,75,000
The reach…
2005-06
• 10 districts
• 450 villages
• 25 thousand acres
• 15 thousand farmers
2006-07
• 17 districts
• 1050 villages
• 2.0 lakh acres
• 80 thousand farmers
2007-08
• 18 districts
• 1500 villages
• 5 lakh acres
• 1.5 lakh farmers
…aiming to reach 25 lakh acres across crops in all districts of AP in five years
The design…
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Village Organization and Mandal Mahila Samakya taking the lead role
Village activist for every village
Cluster coordinator for a cluster of five villages
MMS enter into agreement with NGOs to provide technical support
89 N.G.Os as partners
No Chemical Pesticide use
Enabling environment
• Campaign on ill effects of pesticides, understanding pests, and
ecosystem
• Small enterprises to provide neem powder, NPV etc
• Farmers as resource persons
Economic Advantages 2004-05
Crop
Cost of Plant protection Saving
(Rs./acre)
(Rs/acre)
Conventional
NPM
Cotton (Avg Khammam)
5000
1000
4000
Chillies (Avg from Warangal)
15000 to 20000
2000
13000
Redgram (Avg from Nalgonda)
1500
300
1200
Groundnut (Avg from Anantapur) 1500
300
1200
Castor (Nalgonda)
2000
400
1600
Paddy (Avg.from Kurnool)
2000
225
1775
KAMADHENU RMG
Restoration of Natural Balance
The data of harmful vs. beneficial insects in cotton (10 weeks data)
S.N
O
Date of
observation
Number of beneficial
insects (10 plants)
Number of harmful
insects (10 plants)
Number of
bolls/plant
1
11.08.06
7
3
18
2
25.08.06
11
8
22
3
01.09.06
9
11
26
4
08.09.06
13
12
28
5
15.09.06
13
14
32
6
22.09.06
14
13
40
7
29.09.06
16
14
50
8
06.10.06
9
9
54
9
13.10.06
10
8
60
10
20.10.06
17
5
65
KRUSHI
Comparative Cost benefit analysis between NPM and
Non-NPM Cotton, Karimnagar
Particulars
NPM method
(Rupees)
Non-NPM method
(Rupees)
INPUT COST
4850
8350
Yield
6 Quintal
6 Quintal
Amount
12000
12000
NET PROFIT
7150
3650
One cluster of Anantapur where pesticide usage is low (200506)
Village
No.of. NPM
Farm acres
ers
(200506)
RIDS
2003Value
of Value
of Total saving
04
pesticides in NPM
Pesticid Rupees
extracts
e
usage
(in lit)
1 Chinnajalala
puram
39
182
2800
5,40,000
54,600
7,01,400
2 Madirepalli
36
139
2000
4,00,000
44,480
3,55,520
3 Guruguntla
36
104
1875
6,56,250
36,400
6,19,850
111
425
6675
15,96,250
1,35,480
16,76,770
Total
Out of Debt Trap
Ramachandrapuram, A Tribal Village in Khammam Dist, AP
• 100 farm families caught in debt trap
• Vicious cycles of pesticides
• Lands to given away to dealers and working in their fields on lease and
as labor
Results
• 7 quintals of yield in cotton
• Net profit of Rs. 7000/- to Rs. 10000/• Farmers able to sell their products freely
Proper support can bring back life to Villages
Savings 2006-07
S.NO
CROP
1
Cotton
40,425
4,000
16.17
2
Paddy
50,280
1,000
5.03
3
Red gram
24,329
1,200
2.92
4
Groundnut
22,998
800
1.84
5
Chillies
3,757
15,000
4.88
6
Others
26,000
1,000
2.60
TOTAL
ACRES
Avg.Savings/acre Total Savings
(in Rs)
(Rs.crores)
33.44
Cost of N.P.M extension – less than Rs.4.0 crores
Impacts…
 Reduction in cost of cultivation: interest could be
created in the farmers more than 70 % reduction in
pesticide usage. The farmers could save up to Rs. 2000/in rice, groundnut, redgram, Rs. 5000/- in cotton and Rs.
13000/- in chillies
 Pesticide free villages: Nearly 12 pesticide free villages in
Anantapur, Khammam, Needs to be documented
 Organic Villages: Gurrapukonda and few more villages in
Madakasira became organic
RAKSHANA, IRDS
• Chillies in 1200 acres
• Savings on pest management more than 15,000
• Hon’ble Minister for Commerce Dr. Jairam Ramesh
sets target to bring 50 % of chilli area in the state under
NPM in next five years
• Spices Board came forward to invest 50 % of its
budget in AP on NPM
Community Managed Seed Banks
• Pilot in 10 villages in Ananthpur district
• Village self sufficiency as goal
• Farmers produced and VO helped to distribute among
the farmers
• Good quality seed, in time
• Subsidy was extended by dept to one village
• Focus on
• Seed retention than replacement
• selecting, saving, storing, sharing and reusing
• Increasing crop and genetic diversity
• Networking the seed banks
• 2007-08 seed banks in 70 villages-wide variety of crops
Opportunities for Agril.workers







NPM service centers
Village enterprises
Agril. Labour leasing land and doing NPM
Increase in labor man days
Seed production
Fodder production
Neem procurement and selling
Learning…
 Confidence on ecological models of agriculture increased
 NPM a good stepping stone
 Complete paradigm shift in understanding and supporting agriculture
is required
 Ecological and economic costs of externalization of inputs enormous
 Loosing control over seed is suicidal
 Moving to organic is the way forward
 Strong natural resource base is required for sound ecological farming
 Many more experiences can be tried
 Policy support is required now…
Constraints…
 Natural Resources
 Human Resources
 Issues beyond control of farmers
Shifts in land use pattern
GM crops (case of Bt cotton seed)
Loosing control over resources like seed, water etc
Liberalization impacts
Climate change
Community Managed Organic Farming
Proposal :
 to bring 10 lakh ha under organic farming in rainfed areas in 5000
villages
 covering 10 lakh farm families
 Village level collaboration between women S.H.Gs, farmers, and
N.G.Os
Objective: to increase net incomes for small & marginal farmers in
rainfed areas
Additional Central Assistance: Rs.182.0 crores over 5 years
(Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana or National Agriculture Development Fund-Rs. 25,000)
 Benefits per ha – Rs.5,400
 Total benefits: Rs.1485 crores over 5 years
Community managed organic farming
End-to-end solution: seed to marketing
 Technical support from KVKs, Agri Dept
 1st step - Non pesticidal management, move to organic farming over a period
of 5 years
 Seed banks - self sufficiency in cereals, pulses and oilseeds
 Farmer driven extension systems, best practising farmers, village level
farmer activists
 Institutional Credit through S.H.G – bank linkage
 Integration with N.R.E.G.S for soil fertility improvement and moisture
conservation
Moving forward…








Enhancing and Managing Natural Resources
Improving the soil health and productivity
Focus on vegetables
Community Resource Persons – best practitioners
Convergence with Star Procurement Centres
Convergence with Food Security Program
Convergence with NREGA
Convergence with KVKs, ATMAs, Horticulture Mission,
Department of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture and
Agriculture University