Transcript No Slide Title

Chapter 11
Intrabusiness,
E-Government and More
(modified for class 22.02.02 by Judith Molka-Danielsen)
Prentice Hall, 2002
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Learning Objectives
(B2E) business to employee
Corporate Portals and the intranets
E-government to citizens (B2C) and business (G2B)
Describe e-government initiatives
peer-to-peer technology in B2E, B2B, and C2C
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Portals
portals - web sites serving as initial points
of entry or as concentration points for
many services. Portal means "doorway or
entrance".
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Intrabusiness Communications
B2E communication can be between the
business and individual employees
To provide added services to the employee
To help the business function better
Intrabusiness EC can be between the
business and business units or
departments
…sometimes portals are used.
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Book Case Reasons: Portal Speeds Product
Research and Development
B2E Portals provide
1. Fast and easy access to information required
to support the design activities and R&D
2. Collaboration tools and database for locating
company experts (Intranets, DataWarehousing)
3. Features
Strong security
Easy integration with legacy systems
Built-in intelligent agents
Fast seraph engine
Powerful knowledge management
capabilities
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(B2E) – private services
Business to its employees (B2E)
Employees electronically order supplies and material
needed for work
Corporate stores that sell company’s products to
employees at a discount
Businesses disseminate information on the intranet
Employees can buy discounted insurance, travel
packages, etc., on corporate intranet
Employees can manage fringe benefits take classes
and more
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Intrabusiness – business services
Between and among units within the business
Large corporations consist of independent units that
“sell” or “buy” materials, products, and services from
each other
This type of transaction can easily be accomplished over
the intranet
Network constructed to link dealerships owned by the
corporation
Support communication
Collaboration
Execution of transactions
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Intrabusiness (E2E) for the business
Between and among corporate employees
(group communications)
Large organizations have classified ads on the
intranet where employees can buy and sell
products and services from each other
Especially popular in universities
Interconnect their intranets to increase
exposure
Employees collaborate and communicate using
EC technologies
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Intrabusiness Infrastructure
Intranet—network architecture designed to
serve internal informational needs of a
company using Web protocols and tools
Provides:
Internet capabilities internal to the business
Protected firewall access between Internet and
business internal system
Search engines
Tools for communication and collaboration
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Collaborative Commerce Toolscreate communities of users
Discussion groups by topic (email lists)
Message boards (Q&A pages)
Chat rooms or instant messaging
Experts available at web sites
Membership services for industry network
members (web page hosting, email
address hosting, portals sites with member
centric views)
Other tools (shared CAD, video
conferencing)
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Figure 11-2
Architecture of an Intranet
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Intrabusiness Applications
IT supports business processes and can be a
substitute for travel. (Intranet is the infrastructure.)
Empowerment of the employee (knowledge access)
Virtual organizations (distributed workers)
Software distribution (distributed tools)
Document management
Project management
Training (education, seminars, conferences)
Enhanced transaction processing
Paperless information delivery
Improved administrative processes
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Enterprise (Corporate) Portals
Types of portals
Types of portals
Publishing portals
Commercial portals
Personal portals
Corporate portals
All true, but before we go into the books
perspective on Portals…
Here is another
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What is a Portal?
A web page that pulls information together
(Yahoo),
Creates simple, up to date, interest based
access to information
Primary purpose: pull together
information, not generate it.
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What is the information management
problem?
Too much information on the web
(infoglut)
Too messy, too complex to navigate
Corporations want people to stick around
longer (to easy to go to another site)
Executives have no control over what
people see
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How do portals help?
Filter information – see only what I care
about
Uses the Document model - magazines
Stickiness – access to content
Control – centrally published by the
business
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Why were portals created?
Reaction to browsing
Browsing is a distraction, slow
Portals stop browsing
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Categories of Portals
Public Web Sites (Yahoo) – keep users
around to read ads, read about products
Corporate portals – filter and control what
the community of users sees, stop
browsing, require low user support
Individual portals – pages you go to out of
interest, access to relevant content,
personal, (Stocks, OL results, travel info).
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Corporate portals benefits
They support knowledge management
Up to date info
Simple to use (low user support, little training)
Browser client interface, known, no extra
software to maintain
Easy to see what info is relevant
Keep workers from browsing, because they
find what they need
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Common characteristics of all portals
Simple to use
Use the document model
Push information to the user
Let the user subscribe to the technology
(they must be able to personalize it, or
they will not use it. It must be enjoyable.)
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Books versus Portals
Books
Hierarchical structure – organize info
Author guided
Portable
Solitary activity
Portal
Hyperlink structure – need tools to navigate
Self guided – search ability
Sometimes portable – need e-book?
Social – networks are social
Portals may become the way to navigate e-books
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Portal versus Desktop
Desktop
Access everything (messy, not org. Controlled)
Arrange any way (org. Must fix it)
Copy-paste-run any application
Work with the computer (access file system)
Portals
Filtered
Minimal arrangement ability
Read only applications
Real only access to file system
User resistance to being locked out of desktop.
Must work together, and allow user authoring.
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Portal Lessons learned
1. Simple Access to complex info
2. Scalibility – broad range of info, many sources,
legacy systems
3. Use document process model (magazine)
4. Send only info that the community cares about
5. Support group activities within an organization
6. Design it so that your suppliers and customers
can become members of your portal
7. Provide navigatable access to good content,
and make it fun and interesting.
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Figure 11-3
Types of Portals
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Figure 11-4
Corporate Portal as a Gateway to Information
Source: Tibco.com
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Enterprise (Corporate) Portals (cont.)
Portal applications
Knowledge bases and
learning tools
Business process
support
Customer facing sales,
marketing, services
Collaboration and
project support
Access to data from
disparate corporate
systems
Personalized pages for
users
Effective search and
indexing tools
Internal company
information
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Figure 11-5
Corporate Portal Framework
Source: Compiled by N. Bolloju, City University of Hong Kong, from Aneja et al. (2000) and from
Kounadis (2000)
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Example of Intranet and a Portal:
Cadence Design Systems
Business challenge
Support customer’s entire product development cycle (from
sales to delivery)
Organization must interact (coordinate, communicate) with
customers
Corporate portal—Web-based single point of
information supporting sales process
OnTrack uses home page with links to other pages
One tool provides all information and data needed
All creators of information must add it on OnTrack.
They can add a message to the daily newsletter,
modify a step in sales process, or update a
customer presentation
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Cadence Design Systems (cont.)
Lessons learned
Difficult task to balance cost of training
against return
Key to success—unifying technology with
process
Design structure to satisfy 80% instead of
100% of process
Outsourced creation of application
Shortened training time for new sales reps
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E-Government: An Overview
E-government uses IT and EC to provide:
Convenient access to government information
and services
Delivery of public services
Efficient and effective method of conducting
business transactions
Digital online access to information
Online transaction services for citizens
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Major Categories of
Applications of E-Government
Government-to-citizens
Involves dozens of different initiatives
enabling citizens to interact with the
government from their homes
Citizens can:
Find all the information they need on the
Web
Ask questions and receive answers
Pay tax and bills
Receive payments and documents
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Major Categories of Applications
of E-Government (cont.)
Governments
Disseminate information
Conduct training
Help find employment
Electronic benefits transfer (EBT) is an example
of G2C applications
System relies on a single smart card that
accesses cash and food benefits
Recipients either get electronic transfers
to bank account or download to smart card
Reduces fraud
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Major Categories of Applications
of E-Government (cont.)
Government-to-business and business–togovernment
E-procurement
Large amounts of MROs and materials
direct from many suppliers
Uses basically a reverse auction system
E-auctions
Auction surpluses from vehicles to real
estate
May use 3rd-party site
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Major Categories of Applications
of E-Government (cont.)
Government-to-government
Intelink—sharing information between
intelligence agencies
Buyers.gov—general services administration
Federal case registry—health and human services
Procurement marketing and access network—
small business administration
Government-to-employees—e-services for
employees
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Implementing E-Government
Stage 1: information publishing/dissemination
Individual government departments set up their
own Web sites that provide:
Information about them
Range of services available
Contacts for further assistance
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Implementing E-Government (cont.)
Stage 2: official two-way transactions
Using legally valid digital signatures and secure
Web sites, customers:
Submit personal information
Conduct monetary transactions
Customers must be convinced that:
System keeps their information private
System is free of piracy
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Implementing E-Government (cont.)
Stage 3: multipurpose portals
Customer-centric governments enhance service
delivery
Customer needs can cut across department
boundaries, portal allows customers to use single
point-of-entry to:
Send and receive information
Process monetary transactions across
multiple departments
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Implementing E-Government (cont.)
Stage 4: portal personalization
Customers can access a variety of services at a
single Web site
Customers can customize portals with their
desired features
Requires sophisticated Web programming
allowing interfaces
Added benefit is that governments get a more
accurate read on customer preference
Electronic services
Non-electronic services
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Implementing E-Government (cont.)
Stage 5: clustering of common services
All real transformation of government
structure takes shape here
Customers see a unified package instead of
once-disparate services
Distinction between departments begins to
blur
Recognize groups of transactions instead of
groups of agencies
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Implementing E-Government (cont.)
Stage 6: full integration and enterprise
transformation (see next slide)
Digital encyclopedia is now:
Full-service center
Personalized to each customer’s needs
and preferences
Old walls defining services are torn down
Technology integrated across new government
structure bridging gap between front and back
offices
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Figure 11-6
The Stages of E-Government
Source: Deloitte Research (see Wong, 2001).
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Implementing E-Government (cont.)
Transformation—change is very slow
Implementing G2B
Build customer trust by increasing:
Privacy
Security
Confidentiality
Plan technology for growth and customer
friendliness
Manage access channels to optimize value
Weigh insourcing vs. outsourcing
Include strong change management program
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Implementing E-Government (cont.)
Security issues—concerns include:
Data about citizens stays secure
Privacy of individuals is maintained
Developing portals (these portal vendors also
support government portals)
Tibco.com—Portal Builder
Ca.com—Jasmine ii Portal
Plumtree.com
Non-Internet e-government
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Hvordan fungerer Ebøker?
Gruppe 13
Jan Morten Støve, Svein Arild Eikemo,
Ingrid Henjum, Hans Jacob Sausjord
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Hva er Ebøker?
• Definisjon
• Fysisk innretning
• Innhold
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Distribusjonsveier
•
•
•
•
Via fjernbart media/fysisk løsning
Via PC tilkoblet Internett
Direkte til leseinnretning via fastelefoninett
Trådløs til leseinnretningen
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Eksempel på verdikjeder for
fysiske bøker
Forfatter
Agent
Forlag
Bokhandel
Kunde
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Eksempel på verdikjeder for
Ebøker
Forfatter
Nettportal
Kunde
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Infrastruktur
• Teknologikrav
• Allianser og Modeller
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Policy og Rettigheter
•
•
•
Kopiering
Kryptering
”Cracking”
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Konklusjon
• Vil Ebøker ta av?
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Wells Fargo bank
Lo205 prosjekt av
Heidi Kjersem
Eldar Lillevik
Erna Senkina
Ståle Isaksen
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Oppgave
• Se på Wells Fargo’s B2B og internasjonale
e løsninger.
• Cyber banking!!
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Fakta om Wells Fargo
• STOR international
bank og forsikrings
tilbyder
• Etablert 1852 gullrush
• Første nettbank -1995
• Estimert 20mill ebank kunder i år
• 120 000 ansatte
• 300 milliarder.(2002)
• Norges BNP
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• En haug med banker
og minibanker i USA
• Samarbeidsfirma med
6000kontor i 80 land
• Hk i san fransisco –
homsenes stor by
• Men alle wells fargo
kontor har stor
selvstendighet
• Ranking 5th i assets
• Mål er å kunne løse
alle finansielle
oppgaver for private,
og firma.
• Fortune magazine
ranked WF the best
and safest bank i us.
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Vi deler i 3 segmenter
• Privat marked (internasjonalt)
• Liten B2B
• Stor B2B
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Privatmarkedet
•
•
•
•
Brukervennlighet
Online valuta handel
Geografi er irrelevant
Sanntids kurs
oppdatering
• Forenkler
sammenligning av
priser
• Lavere kostnader
• Amerikanske statsborgere
i utlandet
• Utlendinger er også
velkomne
• Norge innfører også nå
internasjonale
kontonummer. Eks:
NO49 7001 0534
567 (iban)
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Eksempel fra privatmarkedet…
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Judith bor i Molde, men vil opprette en
US-bank-konto, for å lure unna litt kapital til
nytt svømmebasseng på hytta……
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…. Så hun hopper på første fly fra Årø, som
tilfeldigvis går rett til San Francisco…
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Hi! I would like
To open an account
Please!
Slik ble det gjort før….
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Nå er det mye enklere!
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Fordeler privat
• Billigere (lavere gebyr)
• Betaling, kontoutskrift,
balanse oversikt, lett
tilgjengelig
• Åpen 24timer i døgnet
globalt!
• Automatisk betaling
(avtalegiro)
• Ekstra tjenester (eks.
aksjetips, sparetips,
låneberegning og
konsulentstøtte)
• Tidsbesparende
• Være sin egen
banksjef!!!!!!!!!
Konge!
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Liten B2B
• E-løsningerstyringsverktøy for
lønn, likviditet,
kreditt, skatt,
sikkerhet, konsulent
tjenester
• Kan ta over alle
områder bl.a.
økonomi for bedriften
• Det kan føles sikrere
at en stor bedrift
styrer økonomi og
tilfører kompetanse
• Siden dette er
elektronisk, klarer
bedriften selv å ha
oversikten
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STOR B2B
• Wells har stor
• Wells Fargo blir med
kompetanse i skatte, aksje
som konsulenter, og
og valuta spørsmål, og
kreditorer
bedrifter outsourcer slike
oppgaver til dem.
• Kommunikasjon med
samarbeidspartnere
internasjonale konsern • Med
lokalt samt den økende
gjennom eksempelvis
elektroniske datamengde,
kan avgjørelser om kreditt
å få tilgang til deres
etc. gjøres fra USA til
intranet.
f.eks et firma i Norge
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Forts. STOR B2B
• Tilbyr utenlandske
banker- amerikanske
bank tjenester
• Formidler støtter
eiendom,
bedriftsutvidelse,
nyetableringer
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Generelle Ulemper
• Personlig forhold
• Vanskeligere å selge
på kunden ekstra
(impuls salg)
• Førsteinntrykk
• Fordommer
(sikkerhet)
• Fysisk adresse å
henvende seg til
• Må ha Internett!
• Mulighet for
overvåking
• Bankens troverdighetstabilitet.
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Sammenligning med DNB
• 50 000 bedrifter har
dnb som
hovedlevrandør mtp
økonomiske forhold
som forsikring, lønn,
kreditt etc.
• Jobber også mot å
levere full økonomisk
pakke til bedrifter og
personer
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Konklusjon
• Wells Fargo har med e-løsninger etablert
seg blant de største aktørene på markedet
• En kombinasjon av profesjonelle aktører
lokalt og globalt gjør at de kan ivaretas
kundenes interesser i alle segmenter
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Mer Konklusjon
• E-handel gjør den globale økonomi
mindre, og sikrer større effektivitet og
lønnsomhet for aktører som vinner.
• Wells vinner fordi de er på nett.
Takk for oss!
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Customer-to-Customer Applications
Customer-to-customer e-commerce
Classified ads
Personal services
C2C buyer exchanges
Consumer exchanges
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Peer-to-Peer Networks
Each workstation (PC) has similar capabilities
Benefit of P2P expands the universe of
information accessible
Characteristics of P2P systems
User interface load outside Web browser
User computers act as clients and servers
Overall system is easy to use
System provides connection with other uses
Supports “cross-networking” protocols
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Peer-to-Peer Applications
P2P applications in C2C
Napster—the file-sharing utility
Other providers
Gnutella dispenses with central database
For games try Heat.net
ICQ (the instant messenger-type chat room) can
be considered a hybrid P2P technology
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Customer-to-Customer and
Peer-to-Peer Applications
Commercial applications in business
C2C—users sell digital goods directly from their
computers rather than go through centralized
servers
Computer resources and data file sharing—in
modern office setting disk drives and printers are
shared
Intranet business applications—P2P facilitates
internal collaboration
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Customer-to-Customer and
Peer-to-Peer Applications (cont.)
Business-to business
People can share information but are not
required to send it to an unknown server
Companies use P2P architecture as a base for
speeding up business transactions
Companies can deliver rich, extensible,
balanced, two-way collaborative interactions
that are:
Dynamic
In real-time
Collaborative
Cost-effective
Client-focused
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Customer-to-Customer and
Peer-to-Peer Applications (cont.)
Business-to-consumer—combining P2P with
collaborative filtering for product searches
Step 1: user enters search keyword
Step 2: keyword is sent to 100 peers, which
search local indices of Web pages
Step 3: those computers also relay query to
100 of their peers until 1,000,000 computers
are queried
Step 4: resulting URLs are returned to the user,
weighted in favor of most recently visited
pages and peers with similar interests
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Managerial Issues
Intranet content management
Designing corporate portals
Selling the intranet
Accessing the intranet from the outside
Connectivity
Finding intranet applications
Your organization and e-government
P2P applications
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