Transcript WP4 Ethics in Food Technologies: Perspective from India

WP4
Ethics in Food Technologies:
Perspective from India
Sachin Chaturvedi
GEST Meeting, Preston, UK
March 15th and 16th, 2012
What are the Issues?
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Growing
Malnutrition
Food Insecurity
Changing Dietary Preferences
Changing Food Culture
Food Production Technologies
Food Processing Technologies
Safe Food
Malnutrition
• Is it necessary to avoid traditional food system
be used to improve micronutrient status of the
people?
• What cultural attributes and environmental
constraints new technologies generate for
using these foods?
Malnutrition
What is uncultivated food?
• The greens from land that are not cultivated such as
plant, creeper etc.
• The greens that are not cultivated but are available as
per partner crop in a cultivated field etc.
• The greens that are available from cultivated plants,
but the product was not the explicit objective of the
cultivation
Malnutrition
* Deccan Development Society led movement in
India on Uncultivated Food Crops:
- Millets
- Greens like medicinal plants Very few
greens are seen in chemical fertilizer applied
fields as they die when they are
young
due to burning effect.
* Tastier - Doggalikoora is more nutritious than
broiler egg.
Changing Food Profile
Country Simpson Index of Diversity
India
1981-82
1991-92
0.61
0.65
Source: Joshi et. al. (2004)
19992000
0.66
Sources of
Diversification (%)
Cropping Crop
Intensity Substitutio
n
1991-92 1999-01
36.63
63.37
Dietary energy protein and fat
consumption
Countries
Energy
Protein
Fat
Cal/person/day
g/person/day
g/person/day
1994 1999 2003- 1994-96
-01
05
96
199901
200305
199496
199901
200305
China
2811 2899 2940
79
85
88
70
80
86
Germany
3358 3430 3491
95
97
99
144
144
142
India
2343 2352 2358
57
56
56
44
50
52
Netherlands
3267 3222 3240
106
105
103
138
142
135
UK
3233 3397 3426
94
100
104
139
142
137
Source: FAO Statistical Yearbook 2009.
Share of Rural population in total
Countries
Population
Rural Share
(% of share)
1980
1995
2010
China
80.0
68.3
54.8
Germany
27.2
26.7
26.2
India
76.9
73.4
69.9
Netherlands
35.3
27.2
17.1
UK
12.2
11.2
10.1
Source: FAO, TH E STATE O F FOOD AND AGRICULTUE 2010 – 1 1
Share of adult population with chronic energy
deficiency
Country
Share of adult
population with
CED (% of total)
Share of children underweight (% of total)
By Sex
India
By Residence
By household
wealth quintile
Women
Men
Male
Female
Urban Rural
Poorest
Richest
35.6
33.7
46.0
49.0
38.0
61.0
25.0
Source: FAO Statistical Yearbook 2009.
51.0
Food Price Volatility
• Since the food price crisis of 2007 to 2009, the number of
hungry and unnourished increased to unprecedented levels.
• Nearly 1 billion in 2009.
• Nearly 925 million people live in Asia and the Pacific (62%)
followed by Sub-Saharan Africa (26%).
• Since 1990, implied price volatility has systematically
increased with a peak in 2008.
• The implied volatility represents market expectations of how
much is the price of a commodity is likely to fluctuate in the
future. (FAO 2011)
Food Security
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FAO: “Food security exists when all people, at all time, have physical and economic
access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food
preferences for an active and healthy life”.
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World Bank: “Secure access by all people at all time to enough food for a healthy and
active life”.
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Thus plans to maintain the nutritional quality of the food supply are important to the
promotion of food security.
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Chronic and Transitory Food Security
Lack of
purchasing
power
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Access
Availability
India is one of the few countries which has experimented with a variety of food security
related programmes.
Food Self
Sufficiency
Food Availability
Nutritional Quality
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Food Production
• GM technology and its
concerns.
• Idea of labeling and associated
costs
• Organic Production and its
labeling.
Safe Food
• Huge amount of unsafe chemicals are being
added fir early ripening of fruits and
vegetables.
• Also for enhancing shelf life value
• Extra sweetening.