Transcript WMO RELATED OUTCOMES OF UNFCCC COP12

CLIMATE DATA AND INFORMATION
AND DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES
Buruhani NYENZI
Director World Climate
Programme
Omar BADDOUR
Chief, World Climate Data
and MonitoringProgramme
World Meteorological Organization
Geneva, Switzerland
International Workshop on
Outline
PART I
• Climate Key Issues
• WMO’s Role in Climate
• WMO Programmes on Climate
PART II
• Objectives and Structure of the
Workshop
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Weather vs. Climate
• “Weather” is a snapshot of the state of
atmosphere over a relatively short period of
time (usually less than a week)
• “Climate” represents an average or collective
state of the weather patterns over a long
period of time
• Climate = Time average of weather + climate
extremes
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Climate is NOT constant
• Changes in Climate occur on all time and
space scales characteristic of the Earth
System
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Climate Variability and Change
• Seasonal to interannual fluctuations are considered to be
“climate variability”.
– Anomalies can be expected to recur at intervals less than a
decade and the long-term mean state essentially remains
the same.
• Decadal and longer time scale changes are considered to be
part of what is widely known as “climate change”.
– Climatic characteristics tend to gradually move towards a
substantially different mean state.
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El Niño and La Niña
El Niño (1997)
La Niña (1988)
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Climate Change
• Climate change refers to the variation in the
Earth's global climate or in regional climates
over time.
• It describes changes in the variability or
average state of the atmosphere over time
scales ranging from decades to millions of
years.
• These changes can be caused by processes
internal to the Earth, external forces or, more
recently, human activities.
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Direct Observations of Recent Climate
Change (IPCC AR4)
• Global average air temperature warming
trend has accelerated
– 1906-2005 : 0.74°C
• Average ocean temperature increased to
depths of at least 3000 m – ocean has
absorbed 80% of heat added (sea water
expansion and sea-level rise)
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Global mean temperatures are rising faster
with time
Warmest 12 years:
1998,2005,2003,2002,2004,2006,
2001,1997,1995,1999,1990,2000
Period
Rate
50 0.1280.026
100 0.0740.018
Years /decade
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Climate Change Impacts
• Climate change, particularly the increasing
surface temperature, is already affecting both
natural and human-managed systems.
• All major socio-economic sectors will be
affected, with a wide range of regional
impacts:
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Water
Ecosystems
Food
Coastal systems and low-lying areas
Industry, settlement and society
Health
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Decline in Arctic ice extent
Difference in ice extent in March (maximum) and September (minimum)
from the mean values for 1979–2005. The rates of decrease in March and
September were 2% per decade and 7% per decade, respectively. Recent
data from March 2006 are also shown and represent a new record minimum
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Projections of Future Changes in
Climate
• Precipitation increases very likely in high latitudes
• Decreases likely in most subtropical land regions
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Development Challenges
– Single climate extreme events in some
countries can cause setbacks equivalent to
decade’s worth of economic growth
– Climate Variability and extremes strongly
impact Development and poverty in
developing Countries
– Achieving UN millennium Development
goals will be possible only if climate
variability and change are managed
effectively
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Development Challenges
Adaptation is the way forward by Building Adaptive
Capacity and Taking Actions
 Creating the Information through: Research, Data
collection and monitoring
 Awareness-raising
 >Adjust Social Structure
 Develop Governance
 Set up Programmes and projects to reduce
vulnerability to climate risks or to exploit opportunities
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International Climate Activities
ISSC
UNESCO
ICSU
International International
UN Educational
Social
Scientific and
Council for
Science
Science Cultural Organization
Council
IOC
MAB
International
Non-government
Organizations
WMO
WORLD
BANK
UN
UNEP
IPCC
FAO
WHO
UNDP
UN FCCC/COP
GEF
CCA
Coordination activities within the Climate Agenda
CCl
WORLD CLIMATE PROGRAMME
IHDP
International
Human
Dimensions
Programme
IGBP
International
GeosphereBiosphere
Programme
GOOS
(IOC, WMO, UNEP, ICSU)
WCRP
(WMO, ICSU)
WCDMP
(WMO)
WCASP
(WMO)
WCIRP
(UNEP)
THE CLIMATE AGENDA
GCOS
(WMO, IOC, UNEP, ICSU)
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GTOS
(UNEP, FAO, UNESCO, WMO, ICSU)
UNFCCC:COP12
Nairobi work programme with 9 areas of
activities
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Methods and tools
Data and observations
Climate modeling, scenarios and downscaling
Climate related risks and extreme events
Socio-economic information
Adaptation planning and practices
Research
Technologies for adaptation
Economic diversification
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WMO’s Climate-Related Activities
1- Observations, data management and data
exchange WWW, SPACE PROGRAMME, GCOS, WCDMP
2- Research and predictions: WCRP,AREP
3- Climate products and services (for sector-specific
applications) WCASP
4- Capacity building, education and training ETR
5- Climate coordination CCA
6- WMO Commission for Climatology (Established
in 1929) CCl
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GCOS Surface Network (GSN)
989 Stations
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Applications of climate information and
prediction services to support human
activities and sustainable development
– Economic efficiency
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Human health and well being
Food production, food security
Water resources planning and management
Renewable/efficient energy
Sustainable tourism
Urban and built environment
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Heat-Health Warning Systems
Goals:
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Reduce mortality and morbidity
associated with life-threatening
heatwaves
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Strengthen WMO/NMHS
partnerships with health and social
services (global, regional, national)
for effective service delivery – Met
forecasts alone are insufficient
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Develop Guidance on and tools for:
early warning and detection of
health effects of heatwaves;
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national/local preparedness
planning for extreme heat events;
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public/media outreach;
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interventions
to save lives.
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WMO proactively pursues climate
applications
• Espoo Conference (Living with Climate Variability and
Change: July, 2006) highlights the role of users and
decision makers in climate services.
• Madrid Conference (Socio-economic Benefits of
Meteorological Services: March, 2007) highlights the
quantification of socio-economic benefits of
meteorological services.
• ‘World Climate Conference Three under preparation
• UNFCCC COP-12 in 2006, recognized the role of WMO
and NMHSs in the “Nairobi Programme of Work on
Impacts, Vulnerability and Adaptation to Climate Change”.
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Climate data and data management
Current Priority activities
• Implementation of new CDMs to ensure better data
management including new type of data and quality
management
• Establish standards for the exchange of metadata and the
needs for WIS
• Guide on the choice of instruments and sensors and
basics characteristics of Climate networks and their
observation
• Best practices for long term homogeneity of climate data
• Guidance and procedures for improved data exchange to
meet GCOS requirements and principles
• Data Rescue at risk of lost and or degradation
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Climate Data management
THE AIM
 Managing Climate records using modern data management
systems
 Ensuring easy access, and Data Import-export,
 Providing quality control function
THE CHALLENGE
Bridging IT gap in developing
Countries, LCDs and SIDS
A capacity building package includes:
# THREE weeks training
# Provision of CDMS
# Provision of computer ready to operate
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Climate Data Management Systems
(CDMSs)
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CLICOM Dos-based (outdated)
iADAMA Australia
CLIDATA Czech Republic
JCDMS Jordan
CLISYS France
CLIWARE Russian Federation
SDCLIM Tunisia
CLIMSOFT Zimbabwe
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Implementation Status of CMDSs
Estonia
Latvia
Lithuania
Macedonia
Bosnia
Serbia
Moldova
CDMS Implementation Russia
Kazakhstan
Preliminary figures, source WMO
CLIDATA- CLIMSOFT
CIMH Barbados
Barbados
Cuba
Dominican Rep
Haiti
Jamaica
Trinidad & Tobago
Antigua & Barbuda
Anguilla
St.Kitts & Nevis
Montserrat
Dominica
St.Vincent & Gren
Grenada
Turks & Caicos
St. Lucia
British Virgin Islands
Cayman Islands
Bahamas
Netherlands Antil
Belize
AGRHYMET (Niger)
Burkina Faso
Cape Verde
Chad
Gambia
Guinea Bissau Angola
Mali
Cameroon
Mauritania
Congo
Niger
Gabon
Senegal
RDC
Guinea
RCA
TOGO
Sao Tome et
Benin
Principe
Ghana
Burundi
Comoros
Lesotho
Malawi
Namibia
Rwanda
Seychelles
Swaziland
Tanzania
Uganda
Zimbabwe
Zambia
Cook Islands
Fiji
Kiribati
Papua New Guinea
Niue
Samoa
Solomon Is.
Tonga
Tuvalu
Vanuatu
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Analysis of Climate
Variability and change
Current Priority activities
• Develop and make use of indices of climate
variability and change including surface,
• Identify observations needs for climate change
detection
• Provision of WMO climate System monitoring and its
relevant publications
• Coordinate global extreme data records
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Climate Change Indices
RClimdex
• 27 Climate change detection indices:
• Using common climate parameters:
(temperature, precipitation, cold/warm spells, etc.)
• Developed by CCl Experts
• Microsoft Excel based program
• Provides statistical analysis and graphics
http://cccma.seos.uvic.ca/ETCCDMI/software.shtml
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Regional Seminar on climate change indices for Central African Countries, Brazaville, Congo, April 2007
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International Workshop on Rescue and
Digitization of Climate records in the
Mediterranean Basin Tarragona, Spain,
28-30 November 2007
GOALS
OBJECTIVES and
STRUCTURE
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The Goal and Objectives of the Workshop
The Long term Goal
Is
To have the Mediterranean Climate records Digitized in the longest possible timeseries length
HOW ?
Using the best available techniques and methods in rescuing, imaging and
digitizing data
WHO ?
NMHSs,
Universities,
Climate Institutions
international Data archiving centres
International Climate Data projects and networks
Collaboration, Partnership, Information sharing, Multilateral projects, Networking
are the key Elements in this enterprise
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The objectives
Immediate
1- Inform/discuss techniques and procedures on data and
metadata recovery, digitization, composing,formatting,
archiving and disseminating long-term climate
records,
2- Discuss and issue recommendations to make
accessible the rescued time series for the international
scientific community; decision makers and other end
users
3- Identify (*) opportunities, resources to be mobilized at
the national and regional scales
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The objectives
Medium Term (within 2 years):
• 1- Establish an Inventory on country basis of
the currently available long-term climate
records in digital form (temperature,
precipitation, air pressure) and the longest and
key climate records to be recovered
• 2- Set up a common website for inventorying
the current available climate data and the
potential data to be recovered on a national
basis
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Structure of the Workshop
5 sessions
SESSION I:
Emphasizing Needs for DARE Projects
SESSION II:
Existing Regional initiatives and datasets
SESSION III:
Reviewing National Mediterranean DARE projects
SESSION IV:
Working group session :WG1 and WG2
WG1
WG2
SESSION V:
Techniques, methods and inventory
Resource Mobilization and Web Portal
Presentation of WG conclusions and Recommendations
End Friday 13:00
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THANK
YOU
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