Transcript Family Planning Plus of Snyder, Union, Northumberland

Teens and
Methods of
Birth Control:
An Overview
Lisa Wehr, Program Coordinator
Family Planning Plus of SUN & MJ Counties
[email protected]
Teen Sexual Trends
and Birth Control Use
• For the first time in 15 years, the teen
birth rate increased.
• Between 2005 and 2007, the percentage of teens who have ever had sex
increased while contraceptive use
decreased.
(Source: 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey)
Teens and Birth Control
cont.
• More than one-quarter of teen girls and almost
one in five teen boys did not use a method of
contraception the first time they had sex.
• Teen girls have similar or better patterns of
contraceptive use compared to older women.
• Teen girls report that the primary reason why
they stopped using contraception is because of
“side effects.”
(Source: 2002 National Survey of Family Growth)
It’s important for teens to know…
• Except for abstinence, no birth control
method is 100% effective.
• If you do choose to have sex, correct and
consistent use of some form of birth
control is essential.
• Expect side effects –
report them to your
medical care provider
and learn how to
manage them.
It’s important for teens to know…
• Partners should decide
together which method
to use.
• Most birth control
methods do not protect
you against STDs – use
additional protection.
• Don’t try to make sexual
decisions under the
influence of drugs and
alcohol.
Pregnancy
Prevention Myths
What doesn’t work…
• Drinking Mountain Dew before sex.
• Having sex standing up or in other
non-traditional positions.
• Urinating after sex.
• Douching after sex.
• Having sex in water
(pool, tub, river).
• Jumping up and down after sex.
Pregnancy
Prevention Myths
Don’t depend on…
• Having sex during your
period.
• Having sex before she’s had
her first menstrual period.
• Withdrawal (pulling out).
Hormonal
Methods
Hormonal methods in general…
• Produce changes in hormone levels to trick
the body into thinking it’s pregnant.
• They work by…
– Preventing ovulation.
– Altering tubal transport of sperm and/or egg,
thereby preventing fertilization.
– Altering the endometrium which may inhibit
implantation.
• Are highly effective, but must be used
correctly and consistently for maximum
protection.
Hormonal methods in general…
• Have more minor side effects during the first
few months of use.
• May have serious side effects, including…
– Blood clots
– Stroke
- Heart Disease
- Liver problems
Smoking increases these risks.
• Do not provide protection against STDs.
• Are available by prescription only, with the
exception of…
Emergency Contraceptive Pills
• Can be used up to 120
hours after unprotected
sex, contraceptive failure,
or sexual assault to prevent
pregnancy.
• Prevents pregnancy, does not terminate
pregnancy.
• Works mainly by delaying ovulation – the
same way as the pill.
• Extremely safe to use.
Emergency Contraceptive Pills
• Reduces the risk of pregnancy
by 75-89%.
• Should be considered
emergency contraception.
• Consists of 2 pills taken in
one or two doses.
• Available over the counter to women 18
and older - around $45.
• Most common side effects are nausea
and menstrual changes
Oral Contraceptives
•
•
•
•
• AKA, the “pill,” OCs come in
many variations, brands, and
types.
Must be taken at same time everyday.
>99% effective when used perfectly, but are
typically 92% effective.
Certain medicines and supplements make
the pill less effective
Have other medical benefits.
OrthoEvra® Contraceptive Patch
• A thin, beige, plastic patch containing timereleased hormones absorbed through the skin.
• Placed on the skin once a week for 3 weeks in
a row, followed by a patch-free week.
• Same effectiveness and medical benefits as the
pill.
• Less effective for women weighing > 198 lbs.
• Like the pill, some medicines and supplements
make the patch less effective.
• Slightly greater risk for blot clots.
NuvaRing® Contraceptive Ring
• A small, flexible ring inserted into
the vagina containing time-released
hormones.
• The ring is left in place for 3 weeks,
followed by a ring-free week.
• Same effectiveness and medical
benefits as the pill.
• Like the pill, some medicines and
supplements make the patch less
effective.
• Greater risk of vaginal irritation and
infection.
• May be removed prior to sex.
Depo-Provera® Injections
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
AKA “the shot.”
Given every 10-13 weeks.
Progestin-only method.
Less risk of serious side
effects.
>99% effective when used perfectly, but
typically 97% effective.
Most common side effect is irregular
bleeding.
Breastfeeding women can use it.
Decrease in bone density.
Slower return to fertility.
Implanon®
• A thin, flexible, plastic, matchstick-sized rod inserted under
the skin of the upper arm.
• Provides continuous pregnancy protection for up to
three years.
• Progestin-only method, so less risk of serious side
effects.
• Breastfeeding women can use it.
• Most common side effect is irregular bleeding.
• Some medications and supplements
may make it less effective.
• Requires minor surgery for removal.
• Initial high cost but relatively cost
effective.
Hormonal Intrauterine Systems
•
•
•
•
•
• Mirena® is an intrauterine
system that contains timereleased progestin.
• Provides continuous
protection up to five years.
• Over 99% effective.
Is a progestin-only method, so less risk of
serious side effects
Breastfeeding women can use it.
Reduces menstrual flow.
If pregnancy does occur, there is a
higher risk of ectopic pregnancy.
Initial high cost, but cost effective.
Barrier
Methods
Barrier methods in general…
•
•
•
•
• Prevent pregnancy by forming a
barrier between the sperm and
egg.
• Are generally less effective
than hormonal methods.
Have fewer side effects.
Can be used safely by women
who are breastfeeding.
Are less expensive than
hormonal methods.
Must be inserted prior to
intercourse which could affect
sexual spontaneity.
Spermicides
• Chemicals that cover the cervix and
prevent sperm from moving.
• Available in foams, creams, gels,
films, suppositories.
• Must be reapplied with each sex act.
• Available without a prescription.
The Today® Sponge
• A plastic foam device that contains
spermicide; it covers the cervix to trap
and immobilize sperm.
• Can be used continuously for 24 hours.
• Less effective for women who have
had children.
• Available without a prescription
Condoms
•
•
•
•
•
• Latex or plastic sheaths worn
on the penis or inside the
vagina to catch semen.
• Reduce the risk of STDs.
Male condoms come in many varieties.
Must be used correctly for maximum
effectiveness.
Inexpensive and easy to get.
Can be used in addition to other
methods to increase effectiveness of
pregnancy prevention.
Male & female condoms should never
be worn together.
Diaphragms and Cervical Caps
•
•
•
•
• Silicone or latex cups that cover
the cervix to prevent pregnancy.
• Must be used with spermicide.
• Can be re-used for up to 2 years.
• Must be fitted by a practitioner.
Must be left in place at least 6 hours after
intercourse, but no longer than 24-48 hours.
Cervical caps are less effective in women who have
had children.
More spermicide is needed for
repeated acts of intercourse.
May cause more vaginal or urinary
tract infections.
Paragard® IUD
•
•
•
•
• A small T-shaped device containing
copper that is placed inside the
uterus.
• Effective for 12 years.
Must be inserted and removed through the
cervix by a medical professional.
Extremely low failure rate.
Increases menstrual flow and cramping.
High initial cost, but extremely costeffective.
Natural Methods
• Sexual Abstinence
• Breastfeeding or LAM
• Natural Family Planning
- CM/BBT
- Calendar
Permanent Methods
• Vasectomy – pieces of
the vas deferens are removed
and the ends sealed shut.
• Tubal Ligation – pieces of
the fallopian tubes are removed
and the ends sealed shut.
Remember to Emphasize
• Only abstinence provides 100% protection against
pregnancy.
• Be sure to talk with your partner about how you will
prevent pregnancy. If you choose a method other than
abstinence, be sure to make a plan if pregnancy should
occur.
• There are many different methods of birth control. Be sure
to choose one that suits your personality and lifestyle.
Consider advantages and disadvantages of each method.
• Contraception works best when used correctly and
consistently.
• Don’t mix alcohol/drugs and sex.
• If STDs are a concern, remember that most contraceptives
will not provide any protection against STDs. Either abstain
or use a condom in addition to your regular birth control
method.