Transcript First Slide Version 1

Comprehensive Air Emissions
Inventory Study for the Calgary
Region Airshed Zone
Xin Qiu1 and Dennis Stefani2
1: Novus Environmental Inc.
2: Calgary Region Airshed Zone
Spring 2012 Conference
Event date: 2012-04-23
University of Calgary
Acknowledgements
This work is supported by
• Calgary Region Airshed Zone (CRAZ)
• Alberta Environment and Water (AEW)
• Environment Canada (EC)
Task:
Development of CRAZ Emission
Inventories for Year 2008
The work is based on the SSRP harmonized 2006-2008
emission inventories for AEW. Data sources are mostly from:
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AEW Industrial Survey 2008
EC 2006 emission inventory
EC NPRI industrial emission database up to 2010
ERCB industrial and UOG facility information
Study Domain
Emission Inventories were generated within
CRAZ boundaries
Nine Major Sector Groups
Definition is as following:
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Upstream oil and gas (UOG)
Electric generation units (EGU)
Solvent (SOL)
Retail gas station (GAS)
Cement (CEM)
Other industries (OTHERS)
Commercial and residential heating (COMM)
Transportation (TRANS)
Agriculture (AGR)
Anthropogenic Emissions
from CRAZ in 2008
•
•
•
•
Emissions were generated within CRAZ boundary
Point, area and mobile sources were included
Biogenic emissions were included
Unit in short ton/year
Emissions by 9-Sectors
SECTOR
AGR
COMM
EGU
UOG
SOL
GAS
CEM
OTHERS
TRANS
BIOG
Total
AREA
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CO
304
13,373
895
24,254
0
0
664
20,915
492,702
9
553,115
Unit:
NOX
121
7,957
3,278
24,595
0
0
3,733
4,369
95,704
252
140,009
ton/yr
VOC
16,800
1,170
38
31,190
6,972
3,712
69
2,509
16,945
50,801
130,205
NH3
31,642
54
439
1,016
0
0
0
1,260
875
0
35,285
SO2
94
1,337
162
35,523
0
0
3,267
364
2,167
0
42,913
PM10
PM2_5
28,083
1,723
2,713
2,302
155
95
911
777
2
2
0
0
1,008
496
97,222 19,155
212,447 30,379
0
0
342,541 54,928
Emissions by 9-Sectors
SECTOR
AGR
COMM
EGU
UOG
SOL
GAS
CEM
OTHERS
TRANS
BIOG
Total
AREA
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CO
0.1%
2.4%
0.2%
4.4%
0.0%
0.0%
0.1%
3.8%
89.1%
0.0%
100.0%
Unit:
NOX
0.1%
5.7%
2.3%
17.6%
0.0%
0.0%
2.7%
3.1%
68.4%
0.2%
100.0%
%
VOC
12.9%
0.9%
0.0%
24.0%
5.4%
2.9%
0.1%
1.9%
13.0%
39.0%
100.0%
NH3
89.7%
0.2%
1.2%
2.9%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
3.6%
2.5%
0.0%
100.0%
SO2
0.2%
3.1%
0.4%
82.8%
0.0%
0.0%
7.6%
0.8%
5.0%
0.0%
100.0%
PM10
PM2_5
8.2%
3.1%
0.8%
4.2%
0.0%
0.2%
0.3%
1.4%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.3%
0.9%
28.4%
34.9%
62.0%
55.3%
0.0%
0.0%
100.0% 100.0%
Summary of Total Emissions
by Sectors
• The highest NOx emissions are from ‘TRANS’ at 68%,
followed by ‘UOG’ at 18%
• SO2 emissions are mostly contributed by ‘UOG’ (83%)
• VOCs are contributed by sectors of: biogenic takes about
39%, followed by ‘UOG’ (24%), ‘AGR’ (13%) and
‘TRANS’ (13%)
• PM2.5 emissions are largely from “TRANS” at 55%, and
‘Other industries’ (35%) – mostly from constructions
• Agriculture contributes 90% of total NH3
Further Breakdowns for UOG and TRANS are required.
UOG Sub-sectors
Definition is as following:
• External combustion, including boiler, reboiler, heater
etc., (BOIL)
• Internal combustion, including engine (natural gas),
turbine, compressor (ENG)
• Internal combustion unclassified, such as diesel
generator etc (DG)
• Flare (FLARE)
• Natural gas process incinerators (INCI)
• Fugitive (FUG) – area sources
• Other UOGs (OUOG), including leak, vent, undefined.
Sub-Sector: UOG
SECTOR
ENG
BOIL
DG
FLARE
INCI
FUG
OUOG
Total
AREA
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
Unit:
CO
5.7%
0.3%
47.5%
0.4%
2.5%
36.5%
7.0%
100.0%
NOX
16.5%
0.8%
56.0%
0.1%
0.2%
25.9%
0.6%
100.0%
%
VOC
0.7%
0.1%
0.5%
0.0%
0.3%
73.6%
24.8%
100.0%
NH3
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
99.5%
0.5%
100.0%
SO2
0.6%
0.0%
0.0%
31.7%
35.7%
0.4%
31.7%
100.0%
PM10
PM2_5
5.2%
5.1%
0.2%
0.3%
6.0%
7.0%
4.0%
4.7%
0.1%
0.2%
73.4%
70.0%
11.1%
12.9%
100.0% 100.0%
UOG Emissions Breakdown
CRAZ in 2008
• the highest NOx emissions are from ‘DG’, mostly are
unclassified diesel generators and small combustion sources
• SO2 emissions are dominated by both FLARE and Incinerators
(INCI)
• The highest VOC, PM2.5, and NH3 emissions are from ‘FUG’,
the fugitive emission sources, including tailings and leaks, etc.
Sub-Sector: UOG
Unit:
CO
ton/yr
SECTOR
AREA
NOX
VOC
NH3
SO2
PM10
PM2_5
ENG
CRAZ
1,473
4,540
195
0
255
47
39
BOIL
CRAZ
78
209
31
0
3
2
2
DG
CRAZ
12,225
15,383
142
0
0
55
55
FLARE
CRAZ
99
21
12
0
14,526
36
36
INCI
CRAZ
644
53
83
0
16,352
1
1
FUG
CRAZ
9,391
7,105
21,983
1,016
183
666
545
OUOG
CRAZ
1,813
175
7,421
5
14,518
100
100
Total
CRAZ
25,724
27,486
29,866
1,021
45,837
908
778
Transportation Sub-Sectors
Definition is as following:
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•
•
•
•
•
Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicles (HDDV)
Heavy Duty Gasoline Vehicles (HDGV)
Light Duty Vehicles (LDV)
Off-road Vehicles and Equipment (OFR)
Railways(RAILWAY)
Airport(AIRCRAFT)
Sub-Sector: TRANS
SECTOR
HDDV
HDGV
LDV
OFR
RAILWAY
AIRCRAFT
Total
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
Unit:
CO
0.8%
2.5%
50.1%
46.0%
0.1%
0.5%
100.0%
NOX
20.5%
2.7%
15.0%
52.8%
5.8%
3.2%
100.0%
%
VOC
2.1%
2.3%
49.3%
44.4%
0.4%
1.5%
100.0%
NH3
3.7%
2.2%
85.5%
7.9%
0.4%
0.1%
100.0%
SO2
11.3%
0.4%
4.6%
61.4%
12.0%
10.3%
100.0%
PM10
0.3%
0.0%
0.2%
99.4%
0.1%
0.0%
100.0%
PM2_5
1.4%
0.1%
0.6%
97.1%
0.5%
0.1%
100.0%
Summary of
Transportation Sub-sectors
• The highest NOx emissions are from ‘OFR’ at 53%,
followed by HDDV at 21%
• SO2 emissions are mainly contributed by OFR
(61%); RAILWAY (12%), AIRCRAFT (10%)
• VOCs are contributed by two of the sectors,
OFR(44%) and LDV (49%)
• PM2.5 emissions are dominated by OFR (97%)
• CO emissions are split by OFR (46%) and LDV
(50%)
• LDV contributes 86% of total NH3
Further breakdown Off-road Vehicles and
Equipment (OFR) is needed
Off-Road Sub-sectors
We further define emissions from
Off-Road (OFR) sub-sector:
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•
•
•
•
•
•
Agriculture Equipment (OFR_AG)
Construction and Mining Equipment (OFR_CM)
Industrial Equipment (OFR_IND)
Lawn and Garden Equipment (OFR_LG)
Recreational Equipment (OFR_REC)
Commercial Equipment (OFR_COM)
Other Off-road (OFR_OTH)
Sub-Sector: OFR
SECTOR
OFR_AG
OFR_CM
OFR_IND
OFR_LG
OFR_REC
OFR_COM
OFR_OTH
Total
AREA
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
CRAZ
Unit:
CO
3.6%
10.0%
8.9%
23.1%
20.6%
32.3%
1.6%
100.0%
NOX
31.0%
53.9%
9.9%
1.0%
0.7%
2.5%
1.0%
100.0%
%
VOC
10.7%
17.4%
8.6%
12.7%
27.0%
15.8%
7.9%
100.0%
NH3
11.8%
80.3%
1.3%
1.5%
2.0%
2.4%
0.7%
100.0%
SO2
44.0%
48.7%
4.3%
0.2%
0.2%
1.3%
1.3%
100.0%
PM10
PM2_5
0.9%
5.0%
0.8%
4.3%
0.1%
0.3%
0.0%
0.1%
0.1%
0.3%
0.0%
0.2%
98.2%
89.6%
100.0% 100.0%
Summary of
Off-Road Sub-sectors
• PM2.5 is mostly from unpaved off-road emissions
(90%),
• NOx is mainly emitted by construction and mining
equipment OFR_CM (54%) and agriculture
equipment OFR_AG (31%);
• VOCs are nearly evenly distributed by most of the
sub-sectors.
• SO2 is mainly shared by construction and mining
equipment OFR_CM (48%) and agriculture
equipment OFR_AG (44%);
NOx Emissions
Breakdown by Sectors
68% NOx emissions are
from Transportation and
18% from UOG
NOx Emissions by Off-Road
Sub-sectors
54% NOx emissions are from Construction and
Mining Equipment, and 31% from Agriculture
Equipment
From TRANS
Total SO2 Emissions Breakdown
by Sectors
77% SO2 emissions are from
UOG sector.
VOC Emissions in CRAZ
• Biogenic VOCs are the highest (36%);
• UOG (22%), Agriculture (12%), TRANS (13%)
SUMMARY
Within CRAZ boundary:
• NOx emissions are mostly contributed by transportation
& mobile sector (68%), followed by UOG (18%); the
other sectors are combined at 14%
• In TRANS sector, Off-road vehicles contribute 53% of
NOx emissions, HDV and LDV combined at 36%;
• In Off-road NOx emissions, Construction and Mining
Equipment contributes 54%;
• In UOG sector, combustion sources dominate NOX
emissions, where unclassified diesel engines (DG) at
56%, natural gas engine and turbine at 17%, fugitive at
26%.
SUMMARY (2)
Within CRAZ boundary:
• SOx (as of SO2) emissions are mostly contributed by
UOG (83%), Cement and Rock 8%.
• In UOG sector, FLARE has SOX emissions at 32%,
Incinerators (INCI) has 36%, other UOG emission
sources combine at 32%
• Biogenic contributes to more than 1/3 of total VOCs
• Constructions and off-road transportation dominate
PM2.5 emissions.