Biology 1

Study Guide 2.3, 2.4

What are the four biomolecules?

• • • • Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids

What is the structure and function of a carbohydrate?

• • Function- source of energy Made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1

What is the monomer of a polysaccharide?

• Monosaccharide- glucose (Simple sugar)

What is the structure and function of a lipid?

• • • Glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acids Lipids provide long term energy Lipids are parts of biological membranes and waterproof coverings

Do lipids form a polymer?

• • No, lipids do not form polymers like the other 3 biomolecules.

Lipids do not for a long chain made from smaller subunits

• • • • • What is the structure and function of a protein?

Proteins control the rate of chemical reactions Proteins regulate cell processes Proteins are structural Proteins transport substances in and out of the cell Proteins help fight disease • Copy illustration of protein on pg. 48

What is the monomer of a protein?

• The monomer or subunit of a protein is an amino acid.

Simple sugars (monosaccharides) are monomers of polysaccharides Nucleotides are the subunits of nucleic acids Lipids do not form polymers

What is the structure and function of a nucleic acid?

• • Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous.

Nucleic acids transmit heredity information

What is the monomer of a nucleic acid?

• A nucleotide • Copy the illustration of a nucleotide on pg. 48

How many valence electrons does a carbon atom have and how many bonds can it form?

• Carbon has 4 valence electrons and can form 4 bonds- these can be single, double, or triple.

What happens to atoms in a chemical reaction?

• Atoms are simply rearranged in a chemical reaction

Identify the reactants and products in a chemical reaction • 2 H 2 + O 2  2 H 2 O reactants products

What is activation energy?

• This is the energy needed to get a reaction started

What do enzymes do to the activation energy?

• Enzymes speed up a reaction by lowering the activation energy

What is a catalyst?

• A catalyst speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy

What things can affect the functioning of an enzyme?

• • • • • Temperature pH Heavy metals Ionic compounds Organic compounds

What do enzymes change in a chemical reaction?

• Enzymes change the speed of the reaction