Transcript The of • Is this what we are talking about?? What are we talking about? • • • • Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

The
of
• Is this what we are talking about??
What are we talking about?
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•
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Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
• Organic: with Carbon AND Hydrogen
• Inorganic: without Carbon AND Hydrogen
• Quiz
= GIANT
Molecules
Formed by the process of
polymerization
POLY….WHAT?
Making large compounds from
smaller ones
The small compounds are called:
The large compounds formed
from polymerization are called:
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Proteins
Let’s begin with
• Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen
and oxygen atoms: ratio of 1:2:1
• Used by living things as their MAIN
source of Energy
!
• Plants and some animals use
carbohydrates for
Glucose molecule
monomer
Starch
= POLYMER
Monosaccharides (simple sugars)
• all have the formula C6 H12 O6
• all have a single ring structure
– (glucose is an example)
Disaccharides (double sugars)
• all have the formula C12 H22 O11
• sucrose (table sugar) is an example
• Lactose (sugar in milk)
Polysaccharides
• Formed of three or more simple sugar units
• Glycogen - animal starch stored in liver &
muscles
• Cellulose - indigestible in humans - forms cell
walls
• Starches - used as energy storage
Single Sugar Molecules are also
called:
Monosaccharides
Polysaccharides
1 sugar molecule
Large macromolecule of
monosaccharides
Four Groups of Organic Compounds in Living Things
Biological
Molecule
Carbohydrates
Common Elements Uses by
Name
Present
Living
Things
Monomer
& Polymer
Monomer:
Polymer:
Lipids
N/A
Proteins
Monomer:
Polymer:
Nucleic Acids
Monomer:
Polymer:
Example
What do you Think???
• Soluble in Water??
• Fats are found mostly in…
• Oils and Waxes are found mostly in…
Function of Lipids
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Store energy
Protection
Insulation
Chemical
Messengers
The fatty acids contain the maximum number
of hydrogen atoms.
Fatty Acid
Glycerol
There is at least 1 carbon-carbon
double bond in a fatty acid
Saturated Fats (lipids)
• Solid at room
temperature
• Classified as fats in
animals
• Another example:
cholesterol
Saturated fats are commonly
found in dairy products…milk
and cheese
Unsaturated Lipids
• Liquid at room
temperature
• Classified as oil in
plants
• Example: vegetable
oil, olive oil…
Nucleic Acids
• Macromolecules that contain: Hydrogen,
Oxygen, Nitrogen, Carbon, and
Phosphorus
• The polymer,
is formed
from the monomer known as a .
Nitrogenous base
Phosphate group
5- carbon sugar
• Storing and transmitting hereditary
(genetic information)
• Can you tongue roll?
Guess what! Tongue rolling is genetic
and determined by your DNA!!!!
Contain Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen,
and Nitrogen
Monomer =
Polymer =
Amino Acids…the monomer of
Proteins
The Function of Proteins…
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Control the rate of reactions…ENZYMES!!
Regulate cell processes
Form bones and muscles
Transport substances into or out of cells
Help fight disease