Transcript APA ITU KOMPUTER - .: FTSM - Fakulti Teknologi dan Sains

Introduction To Computers and
Programming
Knowledge:
Understand the concepts of computer, hardware,
software and programming
Computer Science Department
FTSM
What is a computer?
“A device or machine which can be
programmed to receive data and perform
manipulation, such as arithmetic calculation
and logic processing, and generate processed
data systematically” – DBP 1995
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History of Computer

The 1st electronic computer was created by Dr John
Atanasoff and Clifford Berry in year 1930s at Iowa State
University. It was intended for postgraduate students in
nuclear physics to calculate complex arithmetics

ENIAC (electronic digital computer) was created in year
1946 at University of Pennsylvania under the American
Defense’s financial assistance. Its weight was 30 tans
and size was 30x50 square feet
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1950 - now => Microcomputer (workstation),
minicomputer, mainframe and supercomputer
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Computer Hardware
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Input Devices
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)
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Temporary storage for data/programs
Output Devices
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Execute instructions; compute, compare and transform
data
Primary Storage or Main Memory
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Capture/receive input from users
Produce output/result
Secondary Storage Devices

Permanent storage for data/programs
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Computer Hardware
CD ROM, DVD ROM
(Secondary Storage)
Floppy disk (Secondary Storage)
Speaker
(Output
Device)
Hard disk (Secondary Storage)
Memory i.e. RAM & ROM
(Primary Storage)
Monitor
Screen
(Output
Device)
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Keyboard (Input Device)
Printer (Output Device)
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Mouse (Input Device)
Computer Software

Program
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An organized list of instructions that, when executed, causes the
computer to behave in a predetermined manner.
Without programs, computers are useless. A program is like a
recipe. It contains a list of ingredients (called variables) and a
list of directions (called statements) that tell the computer what
to do with the variables. The variables can represent numeric
data, text, or graphical images.
Software


An executable program that is run in the computer
2 types of software:
 System Software
 Application Software
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Computer System
The diagram below illustrates the anatomy of a computer
system
User
App. Software
Syst. Software
Hardware
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Computer Environment
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Personal Computer
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Time-sharing
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All components are directly connected and
not shared by others (stand-alone)
Several users share hardware resources
Client-server

Computer tasks are divided between central
computer and users’ computers
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Roles of Computer

Data Processing
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Transform raw data into organised and
meaningful information
Control

Control tools that are difficult to be controlled
by human
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Design and Development
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Data Communication
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Concepts of Programming
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A planning process for a sequence of instruction
to be executed by the computer
Programming is performed to solve a particular
problem
Phases involved:
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Problem Analysis
General Solution (Algorithm)
Validation
Detailed Solution (Coding)
Testing
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Programming Languages
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Machine Language
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Symbolic/Assembly Language
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Consists of code 0 and 1
The only language that computer understands
Uses symbols or mnemonic to represent machine
language instruction
Needs to be translated into machine language
High-Level Language
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Resembles human language. E.g. English Language
Needs to be translated into machine language
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Types of Programming
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Structured
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Functional
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Java, C++
Logic-based
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Scheme, LISP
Object-Oriented
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Pascal, C, COBOL, FORTRAN
Prolog
Scripts
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Perl, Visual Basic, Javascript
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End of Lecture 1
Yes !! That’s all?
What’s next???
ALGORITHM on the
way …
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