Transcript Health Skills II Unit 202 Range of Motion Range of Motion (ROM)  definition:  exercising joints through the available motion to maintain available range and flexibility of.

Health Skills II
Unit 202
Range of Motion
Range of Motion
(ROM)
 definition:

exercising joints through the available
motion to maintain available range and
flexibility of joint structures
Purpose of ROM
 maintain joint movement and integrity
 prevent deterioration of joint structures,
ankylosis and contractures
Indications for ROM
 patients on
prolonged bed rest
 prevention of
contracture
 stimulates
circulation
Types of ROM
 active (AROM)

performed by patient


patient moves the joints through available
ROM
maintains muscle strength and joint mobility
Types of ROM
 active assistive (AAROM)

performed by patient with assistance from
another person or mechanical device


patient uses stronger limb to move or support
weaker limb
practitioner completes movement through full
available ROM
Types of ROM
 passive (PROM)

performed for patient by healthcare worker
or caregiver



moves all muscle groups within each plane
over each joint
does not maintain muscle strength
maintains joint flexibility & integrity
Types of ROM
 stretching


forcing movement beyond the available
ROM
contraindicated for most healthcare
personnel
Principles of ROM
 Check doctor’s
orders
 Know the patient
diagnosis and
rationale for ROM
 Explain the
procedure to the
patient
Principles of ROM
 use good body mechanics
 expose limb being exercised
 support body part proximal to joint
 use slow smooth rhythmic motion
Key Factors for ROM
 start ROM exercises on the unaffected side
 start each movement in neutral position
 use a firm comfortable grip while maintaining




support of the extremity
avoid forcing beyond range
avoid overexerting patient
avoid skin friction
exercise just below point of pain, NOT beyond
Key Factors for ROM
 if rigidity occurs slightly decrease ROM until it





subsides
stop if spastic contraction occurs
talk to patient to help them relax
expect heart rate and respirations to rise
exercise 2-3x’s daily, 5-10 movements(see
physician’s or Physical Therapist orders)
document procedure & patient reaction
Basic Terminology - ROM
 Flexion

to bend a joint
 Extension

to straighten a joint
 Abduction

move away from midline of body
 Adduction

move toward midline of body
Basic Terminology - ROM
 Horizontal Abduction

moving away from body in a transverse
plane
 Horizontal Adduction

moving toward body in a transverse plane
Basic Terminology - ROM
 Rotation

internal (medial)


pivoting inward along an axis
external (lateral)

pivoting outward along an axis
Basic Terminology - ROM
 Supination

rotate forearm, palm up
 Pronation

rotate forearm, palm down
 Opposition

oppose thumb tip to base of little finger
(may be done to each individual finger
tip)
Basic Terminology - ROM
 Eversion

sole of foot turned outward at the ankle
 Inversion

sole of foot turned inward at the ankle
 Dorsiflexion

an upward or backward motion of the ankle
towards the hips
 Plantar Flexion

a toe down motion of the foot at the ankle
Example of Flexion
 Elbow flexion
 bend
Example of Flexion
 Knee flexion

bend
Example of Flexion
 Toes flexion
 bend
Example of Extension
 Knee extension
 straight
Example of Extension
 Head & Neck
extension

straight
Example of Abduction
 Hip abduction
 away from
midline of body
Example of Adduction
 Toes adduction
 toward midline
Examples of Rotation
 Head and Neck
rotation

turning part on its
axis
Left
Right
Example of Rotation
 Hip internal
rotation

pivoting inward
Example of Horizontal
Adduction
 Shoulder
horizontal
adduction

toward body in
transverse plane
Example of Supination
 Forearm
supination

rotate forearm,
palm up
Example of Pronation
 Forearm
pronation

rotate forearm,
palm down
Example of Opposition
 Thumb
opposition

oppose thumb tip
base of little
finger or to finger
tip of each
individual finger
Example of Eversion
 Ankle eversion
 sole of foot
turned outward at
the ankle
Example of Inversion
 Ankle inversion
 sole of foot
turned inward
at the ankle
Example of Dorsiflexion
 Ankle
dorsiflexion

an upward or
backward
motion of the
ankle toward the
hips
Example of Plantar Flexion
 Ankle plantar
flexion

a toe down motion
of the foot at the
ankle