Transcript LIFELINES OF NATIONAL ECONOMY

LIFE LINES OF NATIONAL
ECONOMY
TRANSPORT,
COMMUNICATION
&
TRADE
PRESENTED BY
S. K. GUPTA
T.G.T.(S.St.)
K.V.No.2 OFDR, PUNE
OBJECTIVES
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To explain the importance of transport
and communication in the ever shrinking
world.
MODES OF TRANSPORT
INTRODUCTION
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Transport, communication and trade play an important role in day to day life
as they link production with consumption. Production itself becomes easy by
transport, communication and trade as processing site is linked with the
sites of raw material. Developed transport, communication and trade help
goods and services being distributed in the local, national and international
markets. They not only ensure movement of people, materials and
communication but also movement of ideas, and skill from one region to
another. So, the development of efficient transport and communication
network reflects the development of economy and the country as a whole.
These means are called lifelines of a nation‘s economy.
In the modern world, no country can prosper without the co-operation and
help of other countries . For this movement of goods and material is
essential among the countries .Movement of goods and materials among
the countries is termed as trade. Trade provides with our necessities and
also add to our amenities and comforts. Transport, communication and
trade are essential for economic integration, social interaction and defence
of the country as well as other countries.
TRANSPORT NETWORK
MEANS OF TRANSPORT
LAND
ROADWAYS
RAILWAYS
WATER
PIPELINES
INLAND
WAYS
AIR
OVERSEAS
WAYS
DOMESTIC
AIRWAYS
INTERNATIONAL
AIRWAYS
PUBLIC
UNDERTAKING
PRIVATE
AIRLINES
ROADS
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NETWORK OF ROADS IN INDIA - 33.2 lakh km.
On the basis of nature & surfacing - 1.Metalled (pucca)- 57%
2. Unmetalled (kuchcha) -43%
On the basis of construction & maintenance –
(a.) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highway :
(i) NHDP Phase- I :- 5,846 km.,
six lane,
CONNECTING-Delhi ,Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata
(ii) NHDP Phase- II :-
7300 km.
* NS Corridors – Srinagar to Kanyakumari
* EW Corridors – Silchar(Assam) to Porbandar(Gujarat)
(iii) Port connectivity and other projects (iv) NHDP Phase – III:- 4,015km., 4 lane ,
1,157 km.
-National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) is the implementing agency for NHDP programme.
-NHAI is implement 4 laning of 603km. Special Accelerated Road Development Programme in
the North Eastern Region (SARDP-NE) ,
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(b.) NATIONAL HIGHWAYS -- As on March 31,2006 - 65,569 km.
2% of the total length of the road network
CPWD constructs and maintains National Highways.
35%-single lane, 53%-2lane & 12%-4 lane or more.
(c.) STATE HIGHWAYS -- 1.28 lakh km. 97%of the length of state highway
is metalled.
The State Highways are constructed and maintained by State Government.
(d.) DISTRICTS ROADS – 4,70,000 km.
Districts authorities constructs and maintain the District Roads
(e.) OTHER ROADS - mostly kuchcha roads, 26,50,000 km.
(f.) BORDER ROADS - Border Road Development Board , World’s highest
Roads from Manali (H.P.) to Leh of Ladakh (J&K)
ROAD DENSITY -
The lowest density – 10 km.per 100 sq.km in J.&K.
The highest density – 375 km.per 100 sq.km. in Kerala
The national average of road density – 75 km. per 100 sq. km.
PROBLEMS FACED BY ROAD TRANSPORT – 1.Inadequate
2 .43% of road are unsurfaced.
3. Highly congested in cities & Bridges are narrow.
4.Roadside amenities are not sufficient &Emergencies services are poor.
RAILWAYS
Introduced by British Govt. in 1853 - 34 km. between Mumbai to Thane
Railway Network in India
(As on March 31,2004)
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1. Route Length
2.Railway Station
3. Railway Engines
4. Coaches
5. Wagons
6. Running Track
7. Electrified Track
8. Zones
: 63,221 km
:7,031
:7,817
:36,510
:2,28,170
:1,07,969 km.
:17,500 km.
:16
PROGRESS MADE BY INDIAN
RAILWAYS SINCE INDEPENDENCE
1. The total length of railway network as on March, 2002 was 63028 km.
(i) Broad Gauge (1.67 metre) - 45622 km. (70%)
(ii) Metre Gauge (1 metre)
- 14364 km. (24.6%)
(iii) Narrow Gauge(0.77 metre) - 3136 km. (5.36%)
As on March, 1951 – 53596 km. - 18% increase
2. Additional Lines on the already existing busy routes– total running track had increased
from 59,315 km. to 1,07,969 km. in 2001.
3. Electrification of route – By March,2006 the Indian railways had got 17500 km. of
railway route electrified.(26% of total route)
Purposes of Electrification –(i) relieves railways from steam engines.
(ii) ensure more speedy movement.
(iii) Clean and pollution free travel.
4. Container Service - Provides door to door service for goods & commodities by CCI.
5. Computerised reservation & more and more coaches and sleepers.
6. METRO Railway - Kolkata, Delhi, Mumbai & Chennai
7. Super fast Trains 8. Biggest Government Department – 15.5 lakhs regular employees &2 lakhs casual.
PRESENT PROBLEMS OF
INDIAN RAILWAYS
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Travelling without tickets.
Thefts of railway properties.
Damaging railway properties.
Pulling up of chains and stopping of trains.
Attacks of terrorists.
Bomb blasts.
Throwing of passengers out of trains over traffic matters
PIPELINES
Pipelines have become a major means of transport and are used
in transporting crude oil, petroleum product and natural gas
from the oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertiliser
factories and big thermal power generation plants.
Major categories of pipeline transportation in India :1. upper Assam Oil fields to Kanpur via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad
2. Salaya (Gujarat) to Jalandhar (Punjab) via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and
Panipat.
3. Hazira (Gujarat) to Jagdishpur (U.P.) via Bijapur (M.P.) –the longest pipeline
in India -1700km.
4. Mumbai HIGH with Mumbai – Pune
PROPOSED PIPELINES –
(I) Between Kandla and Panipat
(II) Between Kandla and Bina
(III) Between Mumbai and Manmad
(IV) Between Vishakhapatanam to Vijaiwada
(V) between Mangalore to Chennai via Bangalore
waterways
India has a large number of perennial rivers and a very long coastline of 6100 km.
Types of waterways:-
(a.) Inland water transport
(b) Ocean water transport
National Waterways :1.The Ganga river
- Allahabad to Haldia
2. The Brahmaputra river - Sadiya TO Dhubri
3. The West Coast Canal - Kollam to Kottapuram
4. The Champakara Canal – Kerala
5. Udagmandalam Canal - Kerala
- 1620 km.
- 891 km.
- 14 km.
-13 km.
-22 km.
Major Sea Ports :- At the time of Independence - 5 sea ports
Sea ports at West Coast
Seaports at East Coast
1. Kandla
2. Mumbai
3. Nhova Sheva (Jawahar Lal Nehru)
4.Mormugao
5. Mangalore
6. Kochi
1. Tuticorin
2. Chennai
3. Ennore
4. Vishakhapatnam
5. Paradip
6. Haldia
Airways
Air travel is the fastest, most comfortable and prestigious mode of transport.
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Civil Aviation Department of controls and supervises the activities of airlines
and gives guidelines for safe operations of the airlines.
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AIR SERVICES :- 1. Air India
- 26 Air Craft
2. Indian Airlines
- 54 Air Craft
3. Pawan Hans Helicopters
4. Private Air Lines (Scheduled & Non-scheduled)-70
International Airports :- 14
1.Delhi
8.Kochi
2.Mumbai
9.Hyderabad
3.Chennai
10. Guwahati
4. Kolkata
11. Bangalore
5. Amritsar
12. Thiruvananthapuram
6. Ahmedabad
13. Srinagar
7. Panaji
14. Pune
Airports are managed by Airports Authority of India.
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The Role of Transport Network in the
development of India
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Lifelines of the CountryTransportationTurning of local market into national market
Help in the development of economy
National integration of the country
Cultural integration
COMMUNICATION NETEORK
Communication is the process in which messages are sent from one
place to another; people sitting thousands of km. away talk with one
another and even watch one another.
Various Means of communication1. Postal Services –
2. Print Media
3. Telecommunication4. Electronic Media - Radio & Television
5. Teleprinters and Cables
Trade
The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as
trade.
Trade between two countries is called international trade.
Foreign Trade includes exports and imports. Export trade is the trade
in which a country supplies its surplus goods and commodities to other
nations and earn valuable foreign exchange. Import trade is the trade in
which a country obtains these goods and commodities from other countries
in which it is deficient.
Balance of Trade is the difference in the value of exports and
imports.
Major items of India’s Exports - Agriculture and allied product, ores and
minerals, gems and jewellery and chemical products, engineering goods.
Major items of India’s Imports- Petroleum and petroleum products,
pearls and precious stones, inorganic chemical, coke, machinery, fertilizers
etc.
Except 1972-73 and 1976-77, India’s trade balance has been adverse since
independence.