Transcript A New Industrial Age

A New Industrial Age
Expansion of Industry
A. Becoming an Industrial Nation
Factors:
• Wealth of natural resources
• Government support for businesses
• Growing urban population
• Cheap labor pool
• New markets for new products
Natural Resources Fuel Industrialization
• Oil
– Edwin Drake
– Rise of the Refining
Industry
• Bessemer Steel
– Iron: Plentiful yet not
flexible
– Steel: Expensive 
– Bessemer Process
• Cheaper, faster,
stronger, BETTER!
New uses for steel:
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Railroads
Barbed wire
Construction- skyscrapers, bridges
Inventions
• Thomas Edison
– light bulb
• Christopher Sholes
– Typewriter
• Alexander Graham
Bell
– telephone
Furthering Industrialization:
• development of the
airplane
• expansion of the
railroads
• mass production of
automobiles
• widespread use of
steamboats
Importance of the Railroads
• Aided Westward Expansion
• Made movement in the West easier,
faster, and safer
• Employed thousands of immigrants
• Destroyed Buffalo
• Pushed Native Americans to reservations
• Developed Time Zones
– I've been working on
the railroad
– All the live-long day.
– I've been working on
the railroad
– Just to pass the time
away.
– Don't you hear the
whistle blowing,
– Rise up so early in the
morn;
– Don't you hear the
captain shouting,
– "Dinah, blow your
horn!"
• What is the song about?
• What is the tone of the
song? How do you know
that?
• What people are
mentioned? Who are
they?
• What does the song tell us
about railroad work?
The Grange vs. The Railroads
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Charged farmers really high prices
Misused government land and money
Kept farmers in debt
1st monopoly
Question:
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Should the government regulate?
Passage of the:
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Interstate Commerce Act (1887)
Philosophies of the late 1800s
• Laissez faire- government should not
regulate business; common practice
• Social Darwinism- applied “natural
selection” to evolution of human society
• “Success and failure in business and
society are governed by natural law—no
one has the right not intervene”
Andrew Carnegie
• Captain of Steel Industry
• Manufactured more steel than all of Great
Britain
• Organized business- vertical integration
Coal
fields
Iron
mines
Ore
freighters
Railroads
Steel
mills
Gospel of Wealth
Fewer Control More
• Monopolies
– J.P. Morgan (Carnegie Steel)
– John D. Rockefeller (Standard Oil Trust)
• Standard Oil Company
– Controlled 90% of refineries
– Philanthropists
– Horizontal Integration
• Robber Barons-businessmen who used what
were considered to be exploitative practices
to amass their wealth. These practices
included exerting control over natural
resources, accruing high levels of
government influence, paying extremely low
wages, squashing competition by accruing
competitors to start monopolies.
• What kind of stories
would McClure’s
have published in the
1880’s?
• What topics would
they have written
about?
• Pictures?
• Role of mass media
in forming public
opinion?
• Sherman Antitrust Act- 1890 law passed
to outlaw trusts/ monopolies that interfered
with free trade
• Why did women join the workforce?
• What impact did women have on the
workforce?
• How were they treated differently from
men?
• What impact did children have on the
workforce? Why would company owners
want to use child labor?
• What role did immigrants play in
industrialization?
Labor Unions Emerge
• Issues Workers Faced Daily:
– 12 hr. Workday
– 6 days a week
– No Time off (Vacation or Sick)
– No unemployment or Workers’ Comp
– Unsafe Working Conditions
– Children forced to work
– Tenements—(Horrible Living Conditions)
How the Other Half Lives- Jacob Riis
• Read quote pg. 245
• What was the topic of
Riis’ book?
• As a result of this
book, how did the city
govt improve the lives
of the people?
• Read about each Union…
Define each union’s characteristics…
Decide why you would join…(pg 244-246)
Union Name
NLU
CNLU
KNIGHTS OF LABOR
AFL
ARU
IWW
Characteristics
Which would you join?
How does this cartoon relate to unions?
Labor Union Strikes
• Great Strike of 1877:
– Protested Pay Cut
– 50,000 miles of RR work came to halt
– Federal Troops ended it…WHY??
• Haymarket Riot of 1886:
– Workers Protested treatment
– Bomb went off, killing many
– How did this affect the KofL?
Labor Union Strikes
• Homestead Strike of 1892:
– Steel workers/Pay Cuts
– Pinkertons
– Shootouts!
• Pullman Strike of 1894:
– RR Workers/Wage Cuts
– Arbitration
– Federal Troops
A Fight for the Women
– Equal Pay for Equal Work
– Better Working Conditions
– End of Child Labor
• Mary Harris Jones
• ILGWU
– International Ladies’ Garment Workers’ Union
– All Women
• Triangle Shirtwaist Fire (1911)
The Employers’ Reactions
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Refused to Recognize
Banned Meetings
Fired Union Members
Used “yellow dog” contracts
Had Courts siding with companies
(claimed they were halting commerce)
• Used injunctions against strikes to force
strikers back to work