Transcript Industry Lecture

The Growth of
Industry in
America
By: Ms. Becky Rampey
Jenks High School
Causes of Rapid
Industrialization
1. Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s.
2. The Railroad fueled the growing US
economy:
* First big business in the US.
* A magnet for financial
investment.
* The key to opening the West.
* Aided the development of other
industries.
Causes of Rapid
Industrialization
3. Technological innovations.
* Bessemer process
* Refrigerated cars
* Mass Production Methods
* Great Inventors – Thomas
Edison, Alexander Graham Bell,
George Westinghouse, Henry
Bessemer, etc…
Thomas Alva Edison
•Light Bulb
•Phonograph
•Dictaphone
•Motion
Picture
Camera
“Wizard of Menlo Park”
Causes of Rapid Industrialization
4. Unskilled & semi-skilled
labor in abundance.
5. Abundant capital.
6. New, talented group of
businessmen [entrepreneurs] and
advisors.
7. Market growing as US population
increased.
8. Government willing to help at all
levels to stimulate economic growth.
9. Abundant natural resources.
New Business Culture
1. Laissez Faire --> the ideology
of the Industrial Age.
•
•
•
•
Individual as a moral and
economic ideal.
Individuals should compete freely
in the marketplace.
The market was not man-made
or invented.
No room for government in the
market!
New Type of Business
Entities
1. Pool
1887 --> Interstate Commerce Act
--> Interstate Commerce
Commission created.
2. Trust --> John D. Rockefeller
* Standard Oil Co.
Standard Oil Co.
New Type of Business
Entities
2. Trust:
* Horizontal Integration --> John
D. Rockefeller
* Vertical Integration:
A. Gustavus Swift-->
Meat- packing
B. Andrew Carnegie-->
U. S. Steel
Iron & Steel
Production
New Type of Business
Entities
New Financial
Businessman
The Broker:
* J. Pierpont Morgan
The Reorganization of
Work
Frederick W.
Taylor
The Principles
of Scientific
Management
(1911)
The Assembly Line
“The Protectors of Our
Industries”
The “Bosses” of the
Senate
“On Wealth”
Religion in the Era of Industrialization
 Wealth no longer
looked upon as bad.
 Viewed as a sign of
God’s approval.
 Christian duty to
accumulate wealth.
 Should not help the
poor.
Russell H. Conwell
The Gospel of Wealth
Andrew Carnegie
 The Anglo-Saxon
race is superior.
 “Gospel of
Wealth” (1889).
 Inequality is
inevitable and
good.
 Wealthy should
act as “trustees”
for their “poorer
brethren.”
So who is doing all this
work??
• The Changing
American Labor
Force
Child Labor
Child Labor
Labor Unrest: 1870-1900
The Molly Maguires
(1875)
James
McParland
The
Corporate
“BullyBoys” –
Pinkerton
Agents
Management vs. Labor
“Tools” of
Management
“Tools” of
Labor
 “scabs”
 boycotts.
 P. R. campaign.
 sympathy
demonstrations.
 Pinkertons.
 lockout.
 blacklisting.
 yellow-dog contracts.
 informational
picketing.
 closed shops.
 court injunctions.
 organized
strikes.
 open shop.
 “wildcat” strikes.
A Striker
Confront
s a SCAB!
The Great Railroad Strike of 1877
The Great
Railroad
Strike of
1877
Knights of Labor
Terence V.
Powderly
An injury to one is the concern of all!
Goals of the Knights of Labor
1. Eight-hour workday.
2. Workers’ cooperatives.
3. Worker-owned factories.
4. Abolition of child and prison labor.
5. Increased circulation of greenbacks.
6. Equal pay for men and women.
7. Safety codes in the workplace.
8. Prohibition of contract foreign labor.
9. Abolition of the National Bank.
Haymarket- Riot (1886)
McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.
Haymarket Martyrs
The American Federation
of Labor: 1886
Samuel Gompers
How the AF of L
Would Help the Workers
1. Catered to the skilled worker.
2. Represented workers in matters of national
legislation.
3. Maintained a national strike fund.
4. Evangelized the cause of unionism.
5. Prevented disputes among the many craft
unions.
6. Mediated disputes between management and
labor.
7. Pushed for closed shops.
Homestead Steel Strike
(1892)
The Amalgamated
Association of
Iron & Steel Workers
Homestead Steel
Works
A “Company
Town”:
Pullman,
IL
Pullman Cars
A Pullman porter
The Pullman Strike of 1894
President Grover Cleveland
If it takes the entire army and navy to deliver a
postal card in Chicago, that card will be
delivered!
The Pullman Strike of 1894
Government by injunction!