Transcript The Rise of Labor Unions - Lake Chelan School District

The Rise of Labor Unions
Employers (Power) vs. Workers
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Yellow Dog Contracts
Blacklisting
Company Towns
No Job Security
Child Labor
Working Conditions
Long hours & Low
wages
Labor Unions
• What did they do?
• Why were they needed?
• What is a closed shop?
National Labor Union 1866
• William Sylvis
8-hour workday
Knights of Labor
• founded
~1869
• Important person
~Terence Powerly
• Who were they
representing?
~Skilled and unskilled
workers
1886 – 700,000
Workers
• What did they try to accomplish?
~1st important labor organization
• Demands
~8hr day, end child labor, equal pay for
equal work, safety codes, graduated
income tax
American Federation of Labor
• founded
~1886
• important person
~ Samuel Gompers
• Who were they
representing?
~Craft union, separate
union for every skill,
Excluded African
Americans
• What did they try to accomplish?
~ Working conditions, pay and control over
jobs, later merged with the CIO
(Congress of Industrial Organizations)
• Why did this union last?
American Railway Union
• founded
~1893
• Important people
~Eugene V. Debs
(Socialist)
• Who were they
representing?
~All railway workers,
regardless of craft or
service
• What did they try to accomplish?
~Workers’ wages
~Was the largest union of its time
~The first industrial union in the United
States
(Didn’t last because of its leaders)
Strikes
• Scabs, Blacklisted, closed shop,
collective bargaining, injunction
What was the purpose?
What did people risk?
Great Upheaval
• When it occurred
1886
• Where it occurred
Throughout the U.S.
Identify the labor union and
people involved
1,500 strikes
400,000 Workers
Why were they striking?
Better wages
Better working conditions
Results of the strike
Violence
Haymarket Riot
• When it occurred
4 May 1886
Where it occurred
Chicago
Identify the labor union and
people involved
40,000 Chicago workers
Anarchists
Why were they striking?
8hr day
• Results of the strike
Unknown person threw a bomb at police
Violence
At least fifty dead or wounded civilians lay in the
streets
60 officers lay wounded
7 dead
8 anarchists found guilty of murder
4 hanged
1 committed suicide, later the rest were pardoned
Homestead Strike
• When it occurred
~1892
• Where it occurred
~Homestead,
Pennsylvania
• Identify the labor union
and people involved
~Amalgamated
Association of Iron and
Steel Workers (the
AA, formed in 1876)
~Henry Clay Frick –
Carnegie Steel Company
• Why were they striking?
~Protest a wage cut and working
conditions
• Results of the strike
~Replacement workers hired
~Broke the union
Pullman Strike
• When it occurred
~1894
• Where it occurred
~Pullman, Illinois
• Identify the labor union
and people involved
~George Pullman
~Eugene Debs
~ARU – American
Railway Union