Transcript Electric Vehicles: A Sustainable Solution to our

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
Jill Egbert
Senior Manager
PG&E Smart Energy Web
Introduction
 Pacific Gas and Electric Company (“PG&E”) is
the franchised Utility serving Northern and
Central California;
– Approximately 5.2M Electric customers and 4.2M
Gas customers;
 Customers are well educated and passionate
about environmental issues
 PG&E has transportation programs that
encourage the use of electricity,
L/CNG and Hydrogen
PG&E’s Electric Drive Demonstrations
 Actively evaluating Electric Drive opportunities both for “Greening” our own fleet and
to promote a larger consumer market opportunity
 First utility to demonstrate V2G in April; Repeated demonstration at Google in June
 Chair EPRI Infrastructure Working Council
–
Focus on developing infrastructure standards for PHEVs
Ford F550 Trouble Truck
April 2007: PG&E demonstrates
Vehicle supplying power to the Grid
Phoenix SUT
Ford Escape
V2G Demonstration at
Google Campus June 2007
Dodge Sprinter Van
PG&E Challenges
 Customers expect their utility to be an actively green, innovative, leader while
maintaining low rates and bills
 Increasing energy demands with peak electric load growing faster than offpeak load
 Current and future state-mandated Renewable Portfolio Standards
– 20% derived from renewable resources by 2010 and legislation currently in the
California Assembly to increase to 33% by 2020
 Carbon Caps under AB32 and other Legislation
– Trend will be towards increasingly cleaner generation sources
Wind Generation: Difficult to Predict
How does a Utility plan for resources with this profile?
700
Each Day is a different color.
600
Day 29
Megawatts
500
Day 9
400
Day 5
Day 26
300
Average
200
100
0
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-100
Hour
Wind profile pattern in April 2007
Electricity as a Fuel
 Fuel diversity reduces impact from volatility and promotes stability
 Significant portion of existing generation fuel mix is currently CO2 free
– Approximately 56% of PG&E’s energy portfolio is CO2 free
 Recent and ongoing legislation promotes cleaner generation mix over time
– RPS legislation enacted in 21 states
 Low fuel cost and minimal additional infrastructure required
 Time of Use rates for EV/PHEV charging can create economic incentives
– Preferential rates for off-peak consumption
 Large night-time “off peak” usage can reduce overall system average rates
– Improves utilization rates for existing generation portfolio
 Projected future renewables tend to be an off-peak energy resource
Timeshifting Electricity
45
Vehicle-togrid energy
(V2G)
Typical Load
Load w/ 1 mil. EVs
System Load (GW)
40
Avoid peaker
construction
35
off-peak load
30
off-peak load
25
Fill EVs off-peak with
renewables
20
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PM
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SmartGrid Vision
3 Computing /
information
technology
Servers
Data storage
Web
presentment
Transactions
Usage / demand
Modeling
Smart
agents
Intelligence
2 Communications
Fiber/MPL
RF Mesh
Home Area Network (HAN)
infrastructure
WiMax
Energy information network
Cellular
1 Energy
Cap banks
Reclosers
Switches
Sensors
Transformers
Meters
infrastructure
Substation
Wires
Energy mgmt systems
Power quality management
In home displays
Prepay
Load control
Interval billing
Outage management
Micro-grid
Fault prediction
Load limiting
T&D
Customers
Storage
Security
Generation / supply
T&D Automation
SCADA
Distributed storage
Distributed generation
Grid appliances
Grid 2 Vehicle / Vehicle to Grid
applications –
“Smart Energy
Web”
Backup generation
4 Business
Solar monitoring & dispatch
SmartGrid components
Home Area Network
Efficient
Building
Systems
Utility AMI
Communications
Renewables
Consumer Portal
PV
Dynamic
Systems
Control
Distribution
Operations
Smart
Metering
Home
EMS
Plug-In Hybrids
Data
Management
Distributed
Generation
& Storage
Smart
End-Use
Devices
Industry Challenges - Standardization
 Standardization required for plug-in vehicles to achieve critical mass penetration
–
Automakers must be able to produce one vehicle for all utility territories
–
Vehicle owners need to be able to travel across utility lines and be billed properly
(cellular phone model)
 Standardization to include charging, metering, and communications domains
–
Required charging infrastructure: Connectors and levels
–
Accurate and discrete measurement of energy delivered
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Communications protocol standards: Wireless and wired
 Relevant global standards bodies
–
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
–
Electric Power Research Institute – Infrastructure Working Council (EPRI - IWC)
–
International Standards Organization (ISO)
–
American National Standards Organization (ANSI)
–
SAE International (SAE)
–
European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI)
PG&E Corporation is committed to being an environmental leader by providing safe,
economical, and reliable products and services in a responsible and environmentally
sensitive manner.
THANK YOU!