Transcript Sociology: Ch 4 Sec 1 Definitions
Sociology: Ch 4 Sec 1 Definitions
“Social Structure” “Building Blocks of Social Structure” Standards: 4.11, 5.13
Section 1 Vocabulary
1. Social Structure:
Network of interrelated statuses and roles that guide human interaction
2. Status: a socially defined position in a group or in society 3. Role: behavior, right, and obligations expected of someone occupying a particular status
Types of Status
4. Ascribed Status: assigned status given based on qualities that are out of a person’s control (Black/White) 5. Achieved Status: Status achieved through own direct efforts 6. Master Status: The status that plays the greatest role in shaping a person’s life and determining his or her social identity. Can be ascribed OR achieved (U.S. Mostly achieved) Ex: Occupation, wealth, marital status, and parenthood…etc.
Types of Roles
7. Reciprocal Roles: corresponding roles that define the patterns of interaction between related statuses… huh? Ok: How can you perform the role of husband if there is no one there to perform the roles of the wife? (other Ex: Doctor/Patient; Sales Clerk/Customer)(Mini play dialogue between two people: Conversation expectations) Ex: Doctor: “take a deep breath” Patient: “No” Now, how does the doctor fulfill his role as doctor?
Role Expectation and Role Performance
8. Role Expectations: Socially determined behaviors expected of a person performing a role Ex: Police: “Protect and Serve” 9. Role Performance: ACTUAL role behavior; does not always match behavior expected by society Ex: Police brutality, child abuse…etc
Role Conflict and Role Strain
9. Role Set: Different roles attached to a single status… Can lead to conflict 10. Role Conflict: occurs when filling the role expectations of one status makes it difficult to fulfill the role expectations of another status Ex: “To be a good employee, one has to spend extra time at work; to be a good parent, one has to spend extra time at home” Both can NOT occur; a compromise has to be reached 11. Role Strain: occurs when an individual has difficulty meeting expectations of a single status (ex: boss boosting morale and production
Basic Needs of Society
12. Social Institution: When statuses and roles are organized to satisfy one or more needs of society Needs… -Provide physical and emotional support to members -Transmit knowledge -Produce goods and services -maintain social control*
Sociology: Ch 4 Sec 2
“Types of Social Interaction” Standards: 3.2, 3.5
Exchange Theory
13. Exchange: Whenever people interact in an effort to receive a reward or return for their actions 14. Reciprocity: the idea that if you do something for some one, then that person “owes” you something in return… (Unwritten rule) 15. Exchange Theory: People are motivated by “Self” interests in interactions with other people People do things for rewards Behaviors that are rewarded, are usually repeated
Competition
16. Competition: Occurs when two or more people or groups oppose each other to achieve goal that only ONE can attain (winners and losers; dodgeball debate) Very Common in “Western” societies 17. Conflict: is the deliberate attempt to control a person by force, to oppose someone, or to harm another person. (Few rules are often ignored)
4 Sources of Conflict
Georg Simmel: 1. Wars 2. Disagreements within group 3. Legal disputes 4. Clashes over ideology *Sometimes begin as competition Read: “The Argument Culture” p. 70
Cooperation and Accommodation
18. Cooperation: two or more people or groups work together to achieve a goal that will benefit more than one person 19. Accommodation: a state of balance between conflict and cooperation COMPROMISE: We can rarely have everything that we want Help to ensure social stability VOCAB QUIZ