Transcript Who Killed the Electric Car?

2006 video documentary:
According to the film, mass-market electric cars were
killed off by a combination of industry, government,
and consumer factors. The guilty parties were….
Who Killed the Electric Car?
The verdict, according to the film:
• US consumers - GUILTY
• Oil companies - GUILTY
• Car companies - GUILTY
• US government - GUILTY
• California Air Resources Board - GUILTY
• Hydrogen fuel cell – GUILTY
• Only Batteries were NOT GUILTY
•
But what happened with electric cars since 2006?
Was the electric car really dead?
REVENGE OF THE ELECTRIC CAR
• follows four entrepreneurs from 2007 through
the end of 2010 as they fight to bring the electric
car back to the world market in the midst of a
global recession.
Protagonists:
• Bob Lutz from General Motors
• Elon Musk from Tesla Motors
• Carlos Ghosn from Renault-Nissan
• Greg Abbott, an independent electric car
converter from California
REVENGE OF THE ELECTRIC CAR
• documents the rise from 2007-2010 of a new
generation of electric cars, including the
Chevrolet Volt, the Nissan Leaf, and the Tesla
Roadster
• demonstrates the potential commercial viability
of electric vehicles now and in the future
Link to Brock library online version
http://proxy.library.brocku.ca/login?url=http://MEDIA2.CRITERIONP
IC.COM/display/006?T=MON1717
REBIRTH OF THE
ELECTRIC CAR?
WHAT ARE THE CONTENDERS?
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)
• Equipped with two motors: electric (battery
powered) and internal combustion (gasoline or
diesel powered)
• Several types:
• Serial HEVs (use chemical fuel generator to
charge batteries)
• Parallel HEVs: Mild, Full, Plug-in
Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs)
WHAT ARE THE CONTENDERS?
Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs)
e.g. Honda Insight, Honda Civic Hybrid, Saturn Vue Hybrid
e.g. Toyota Prius
e.g. Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid, Chevy Volt, Ford C-Max Energi
U.S. Hybrid Vehicle
Fleet
2
• Largest in world
(over 3.116 million
as of Oct 2014) 1
• Passed 3 million
vehicles in October
2013
• Market leader:
Toyota Prius family
(50% of all hybrid
sales as of
December 2013
1 http://insideevs.com/monthly-plug-in-sales-scorecard/
2
Source: Mario Roberto Durán Ortiz, 20
Mario Roberto Durán Ortiz, 2013
Yearly hybrid vehicle sales in the United States between 1999 and 2013
Hybrid sales: Increasing trend from 1999-2013
Hybrids now comprise
• 1.45% of total car sales since 1999
• 3.19% of total car sales in 2013
• Proportion likely to increase with improvements in
range, battery life, affordability, and increasing
fossil fuel costs
Alternative Fuel Vehicles (AFVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs): Trend of sales by HEV models from 1999-2010.
December 2012 Dashboard. HybridCars.com and Baum & Associates
WHAT ARE THE CONTENDERS?
The prospects as of Fall 2014…
BEVs (Battery electric vehicles)
• Use batteries to store electricity, and electric
motor to propel vehicle.
Charging options:
• Slow recharge at
home
(3 – 8 hours charging
time per 100km range)
• Quick charging stations
(10 – 30 min per 100 km range)
WHAT ARE THE CONTENDERS?
The prospects as of Fall 2014…
• Much better electric-only range than plug-in
hybrids (130 – 425 km versus 18 – 20 km)
• still have a lower total range than HEVs, and need
30 minutes – several hours for full recharge
• Some examples currently or soon in production:
(range / cost $US)
120 km / $35,000
426 km / $65 - 85,000
138 km / $27,000
Nissan Leaf
Tesla Model S
smart EV
Battery Electric Vehicles
132 km / $36,265
VW e-Golf
132 km / $23,900
Citroen C-1
136 km / $42,000
Mercedes B-Class
240 km / $41,900
131 km / $26,685
147 km / $33,700
BMW i3
Chevy Spark EV
Kia Soul EV
Most Efficient Vehicles 2015 Model Year (USA)
BEVs and Plug-in HEVs
1. Battery electric
Conventional HEVs
2. Plug-in hybrid
Source: US EPA, 2014 - http://www.epa.gov/fueleconomy/overall-high.htm
Next?
Solar electric cars: When
your gas station is the sun
• solar panels installed on roof home in
Washington, DC home in 2011
• Cost $36,740 -> after state and federal tax
credits, total cost was $20,000
• One-third of solar energy powers car, 2/3 house
• Pre-solar $1500 electricity / $1833 gas per year
• Post-solar electricity cost: $0 per year
• Payback: when car AND house energy costs are
combined, estimated payback time is six years
http://www.csmonitor.com/Environment/Latest-News-Wires/2014/1028/Solar-electriccars-When-your-gas-station-is-the-sun