Transcript Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles & Vehicle-to

Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles
& Vehicle-to-Grid
Carl Lawrence, CEO of Hybrids Plus, Inc.
The Road-based Transportation
Industry
The Electric Power Grid
Utilities
Cleaner, Cheaper Fuel
Distributed Energy Storage
January, 2009 – Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles & V2G
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Hybrid-Electric Vehicles – Then and Now
• Series Hybrid
• Parallel Hybrid
• Mixed (Hybrid) Hybrid
January, 2009 – Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles & V2G
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Plug-in Hybrid-Electric Vehicle Benefits
More fuel efficient
Lower emissions
Lower maintenance
Distance Travelled per Gasoline Gallon Equivalent
One gallon gasoline (132,000 kiloJoules)
45 miles
$1.75/gallon
3.8¢/mile
37 Kilowatt-hour battery (132,000 kiloJoules)
140 miles
$3.33
2.4¢/mile
HEV gets 50 mpg
Zero Emissions for the first
40 miles per charge.
Toyota
Prius
ZEV for 75%
of average
needs.
PHEV gets 100 mpg
GM Volt
January, 2009 – Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles & V2G
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Future Plug-In Hybrid-Electric Vehicles
Ford Escape PHEV
Cadillac Converj
Dodge Sprinter
BYD E-6 PHEV
Toyota Prius PHEV
Fisker
GM Volt
“Every major vehicle manufacturer in the world has
an electric vehicle development program underway”
January, 2009 – Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles & V2G
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“Grid-Tied” Vehicle Technologies
Electric Utility
Electric
Power
Electric Utilities control charging loads for demand and time of day.
Utilities control power fed back into the grid.
Vehicle owner sets control parameters.
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Vehicle to Grid (V2G) Benefits
Regulation
Vehicle Batteries
Spinning Reserve
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Vehicle to House (V2H)
Emergency Electricity
Electricity on Demand at Job Sites
• Large batteries in the PHEVs to eliminate engine idling.
• Elimination of noisy, polluting generators
• Rapid dispatch, deployment and initial operations.
January, 2009 – Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles & V2G
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PHEVs in the SmartGrid City
PHEV2G Deployment
• 2008 6 Ford Escapes
• 2009 50 Toyota Prius
• 2010 -
“Inverger™”
Technology in
each vehicle
500 OEM PHEVs
January, 2009 – Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles & V2G
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Colorado Alternative Fuel Tax Credit
[39-22-516 – 2.5(a)(II.5)]
"Hybrid vehicle" means a motor vehicle with a hybrid propulsion
system that uses an alternative fuel by operating on both an
alternative fuel, including electricity, and a traditional fuel.
Only uses electricity internally.
Unintended Consequences
• Excludes Plug-in Hybrid-Electric conversions since “the hybrid
vehicle is already an alternative fuel vehicle.”
• Excludes the new Nissan hybrid since it uses E-85 and not a
“traditional fuel”.
Results: Converting a Toyota Prius or a Ford Escape hybrid to a Plug-in Hybrid –
replacing half of its petroleum used with electricity and giving it a usable ZEV
range – is not supported by the Colorado Alternative Fuel Tax Credits or Rebates.
January, 2009 – Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles & V2G
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