Transcript Inoculation and Germ Theory 442kb

Inoculation and Germ Theory
By Mr Day
Downloaded from SchoolHistory.co.uk
Lesson Objectives
• To learn about the development of
inoculation and germ theory (micro
biology) to medicine and assess its
importance.
Part 1 Inoculation
Edward Jenner and Inoculation
• Read the sheet that you have been given
on Edward Jenner.
• Describe in your book if you believe that
Edward Jenner mad a breakthrough or a
development in the history of medicine.
• Don’t write huge amounts of information
already on the sheet. You are evaluating
the significance of his discovery.
Significance of Jenner
• This was a massive
breakthrough in the
prevention of disease.
• Smallpox was a
massive killer on a
worldwide scale.
• It is almost impossible
to estimate how many
lives were saved by
his ‘discovery’.
Opposition
• Many people could not accept that it was
natural to inject matter that came from a
cow.
• Some doctors gave inoculation a bad
name. Patients were injected with
smallpox by accident or with dirty needles.
Part 2 The Development
of Germ Theory and Micro
Biology
Spontaneous Generation
• By 1800 some doctors were beginning to
speculate about germs or microorganisms. This was mainly due to the
invention of the microscope.
• Those doctors that believed germs existed
believed they were the result of disease
and not the cause of it!
• This idea was called spontaneous
generation.
Micro Organisms
Pasteur and Germ Theory
• Louis Pasteur was the man that made the
breakthrough and linked germs to disease.
• He made his discovery by accident, in
1857 when investigating why sugar beat
soured unexpectedly.
• He proved that the Sugar Beat soured
because of germs carried in the air.
• He devised an experiment to prove this.
(details in your text book)
Pasteur and Germ Theory
• Even though his experiment supported
what he was saying there were a number
of people that simply refused to believe
what he was saying. The idea of invisible
life was simply too big a leap of faith for
some to make.
• Other scientists were convinced.
Pasteur’s Influence
• His influence was huge.
• He discovered vaccines
for chicken cholera.
(1880)
• Anthrax (1881)
• Rabies (1885)
• What is even more
remarkable is that in 1868
he suffered a massive
stroke that had left him
paralysed down one side
of his body.
Robert Koch
• Koch took Pasteur’s work a step further.
• He would spend his working like looking to link
particular germs to particular diseases.
• His first major breakthrough came in 1875 when
he identified the microbe for anthrax.
• With the development of technology he
discovered microbes that had preciously been
invisible to the most powerful microscopes.
• He even developed ways of staining the
microbes with dyes so he could calculate their
life span and rates of reproduction.
Significance
• In 1882 he discovered the germ
that caused tuberculosis. (TB)
• In 1883 he discovered the germ
that caused cholera.
• With his work he ‘proved’ what
the real cause of disease was.
• This paved the way for other
scientists to take up the
challenge and conduct
research. Many did just that.
Rivalry!
• Koch was German, Pasteur was French.
• Both men took a dislike to the other and in turn
they inspired each other to new heights.
• It is difficult to judge whether this rivalry helped
the development of micro biology or hindered it.
• Both men continued to push boundaries and the
rate of progress and discoveries during this era
was stunning.