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Animal Pails and Microbe TalesThe Happy Ending is up to You
V. Bourdeau, State 4-H STEM
C. Bothum, State 4-H Livestock and Small Animals
Biosecurity
• Biosecurity refers to management strategies that lessen
biological risk – a biological risk is something that can cause
disease in other living things
• Small and large 4-H animals depend on their human owners to
provide them with medical care, safe, clean housing, food and
water.
• Biosecurity practices minimize the spread of diseases or pests
in 4-H project animals and on farms.
• Many biosecurity practices are “common sense”- HOWEVER
they must be consistently followed to reduce risk.
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July 21, 2015
Be SICK Smart
• S-anitize- This PowerPoint will tell you more
about how and why to sanitize
• I-solate- Any sick animal and animals
returning from a fair/show for 14 days
• C-ontact- Prevent contact at fence lines and
animal nose touching
• K-now- What “Normal” is – including: T.P.R.,
coat, behavior, food consumption etc…AND
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More to “K-now”
• Know what proper and appropriate care is.
• What are a healthy animals’ needs in your region?
• What are appropriate feed rations? Spatial needs?
Vaccinations? Deworming? And other routine health
maintenance?
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July 21, 2015
Sanitization is Part of Your
Biosecurity Plan
• What is Sanitizing?
• Cleaning is removing organic materials
from objects.
• Disinfecting is to destroy
microorganisms on objects.
• Sanitizing is simultaneously cleaning
and disinfecting objects.
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What are we Sanitizing for?
• Microorganisms!
• They are also called GERMS, when they
cause infections diseases in people or
animals
• Microorganisms can’t be seen by the
naked eye- some even require an electron
microscope to be viewed!
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Microorganisms
• Most are considered living organisms and
millions of them are all around us all the
time.
• Bacteria, and many protists (i.e.: algae)
and fungi (i.e.: mushrooms) are
microorganisms.
• Viruses are also Microorganisms
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Viruses
• Viruses are a challenge to science. Some
scientists think they are living organisms
and should be considered
microorganisms. However, viruses cannot
grow or reproduce outside a host cell.
For this reason, some scientists argue
they are not living organisms.
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Viruses and animals
• For example, rabies is caused by a virus.
• It is important to know which viruses
may infect your type of animal and have
a plan for prevention
• In your plan, it’s important to reduce
exposure to vectors such as flies or
mosquitos, since they are major carriers
of viruses.
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July 21, 2015
Viruses and humans
• For example, the “common cold” (known
as Rhinovirus) is caused by a virus.
• Since viruses are a major cause of
disease and illness in humans and
animals, we vaccinate.
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Vaccines
• Vaccines are used to combat viruses in
humans and animals. Some human
diseases we vaccinate for are mumps,
measles, and chicken pox.
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Vaccines
• Your local veterinarian or county
Extension Livestock Agent can provide
information on developing a vaccination
schedule for your species of animal.
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Other “Germs”
• Bacteria are one-celled creatures that get nutrients from their
environment. In some cases that environment is a human’s or
animal’s body. In people they cause infections such as strep
throat, pneumonia and tuberculosis.
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July 21, 2015
Other “Germs”
• Fungi are multi-celled organism. Fungi cannot make their own
food; instead they get their nutrition from plants, people and
animal. Athlete’s foot and ringworm are caused by a fungi.
Yeast is a useful fungi. What other fungi do we eat?
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July 21, 2015
Other “Germs”
• Protozoa are one-celled organisms that need a moist
environment to survive. In humans protozoa cause intestinal
infections that lead to diarrhea and nausea.
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Microorganisms
• They aren’t ALL bad! Many bacteria are useful to
humans!
• Yogurt is produced by the fermentation of milk. Two of
the bacteria found in yogurt are Lactobacillus
bulgaricus and Lactococcus thermophilus. These are
lactose fermenting bacteria that produce lactic acid
from the lactose in milk.
• Some help with digestion, destroy harmful organisms
or assist with decomposition in landfills.
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How do Germs spread?
See the Handouts accompanying your Glo-Germ kit
The Glo- Germ lesson plan lists these 4 ways:
• Fecal-oral contact (i.e. Hepatitis A)
• Direct/close contact (i.e. Lice)
• Blood contact (i.e. hepatitis B, HIV/Aids)
• Respiratory/airborne contact ( influenza, colds)
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How do Germs spread?
The Minnesota Food Safety Center Handout lists
5 Ways the human hand spreads germs:
• Nose, mouth or eyes to hands to others
• Hands to food
• Food to hands to other food
• Animals to people
• Infected child to hands of other children
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To fight GERMS for our animals:
Sanitize
Sanitizing = Cleaning + Disinfecting
• Clean= remove all organic material
• Disinfecting= Destroying microorganisms
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July 21, 2015
What do we sanitize?
• Any equipment used on sick
animals
• Any equipment that comes in
contact with an animal’s skin &
blood after each use: hoof knife,
clippers, tattoo pliers, ear taggers,
ear notchers, dehorners
• On a regular schedule- waterers
and feed troughs
• Nursing bottles and buckets before
each feeding
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What do we sanitize?
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Vehicles to be used to transport animals & use clean bedding
All equipment, halters & gear taken to a fair/show upon return
Animal housing between animals and isolation areas
Any equipment before sharing and when it is returned
Our own boots!
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July 21, 2015
Bleach- Sodium hypochlorite
• Should be used by adults or with adult supervision.
• Wear protective equipment- read the label on the bottle!
• Remove all animals from they area- bleach can irritate their
mucus membranes too.
• Dry the surface before using bleach- properly diluted bleach on
a damp/wet surface is diluted further.
• Be patient- bleach solutions require a full 10 minutes of
contact time to ensure complete disinfection.
• Rinse and dry before returning equipment to use or animals to
an enclosure.
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July 21, 2015
Bleach- Sodium hypochlorite
Daily use formula 5.25% sodium hypochlorite or
1:32 solution
• ½ cup bleach per gallon of water
OR
• 1 ounce of bleach per 32 ounces of water in a
spray bottle
• Fresh solutions should be prepared daily for
the most effectiveness
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July 21, 2015
Bleach- Sodium hypochlorite
• For periodic deep cleaning use a 1:10
concentration of bleach
• Remove animals from the area
• Use protective equipment
• 1 ½ cups bleach per gallon of water
OR
• 3 ounces of bleach per 32 ounces of water
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July 21, 2015
Let Glo Germ Light the Way!
• YOU can carry and spread
germs too!
• Use the lessons in the Glo
Germ kit to practice good
hand washing procedures.
• Apply what you learn about
ensuring hands are clean to
your animal husbandry
routines
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July 21, 2015
Glo Germ Kit
Your Glo Germ kit includes:
• Glo Germ Gel
• Glo Germ Powder
• An Ultra Violet Flash Light
• Hand washing lesson plans
and copy pages for grades
K- 6
You will need to have:
• A Watch with a second hand
• Warm water & soap
• Paper Towels
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July 21, 2015
Glo Germ Gel or Powder Lesson
• Ask for a volunteer
• Place 2 drops gel or a light
sprinkling of power on each
hand.
• The volunteer should rub
their hands together.
• The volunteer should wash
their hands with soap.
• Use the Ultra Violet light- Can
you see any Glo Germs?
• Continue with the lesson in
the Trainers Manual
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Remember
• Small and large
4-H animals
depend on their
human owners
to provide them
with medical
care, safe, clean
housing, food
and clean fresh
water.
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July 21, 2015
You Are SICK Smart!
• S-anitize- Cleaning AND disinfecting
• I-solate- Any sick animal and animals
returning from a fair/show for 14 days
• C-ontact- Prevent contact at fence lines and
animal nose touching
• K-now- What “Normal” is for your animal
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July 21, 2015
Extend the Learning!
• Order a Bacteria Growing Kit
from Steve Spangler Science- The
activity in the kit is designed to
have you test for bacteria on
your hands, in your mouth or on
the T.V. remote. However, you
can also track them down in your
farm yard or other animal facility.
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July 21, 2015
Extend the Learning!
• You can view the How to… video and order the kit at this link:
http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/bacteria-growing-kit.html
At this time the kit
is available for
$16.99 plus
shipping. You
can also use
other science
supply company’s
kits and materials
if you choose.
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July 21, 2015
Extend the Learning- Put 4 Samples into 1 Petri Dish
Draw a quadrant on the bottom of
each Petri Dish before mixing and
pouring the nutrient agar.
Try this experiment. Select a feed
bin, water trough or other item to
study. Sample it 4 times:
1- before you start to clean.
2- after you clean.
3- after you disinfect with 1:32
bleach solution
4- after you disinfect with 1:10
bleach solution
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Before you begin…think like a scientist!
• Form a hypothesis about the
results you will get in each of
the 4 quadrants on the Petri
Dish.
• Once you have results,
compare them to your
hypothesis.
• Form another hypothesis
based on the information you
learned and test it too!
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