What is ZigBee?

- Open standard with an alliance of members (150+) promoted by Motorola, Mitsubishi, Philips, Honeywell ++. Alliance members participate in working groups targeting to define standard profiles (like in Bluetooth).

- Radiocrafts is a member of the Alliance - Specification rev. 1.0 ratified Mid December 2004 - Targeted for home and building automation & industrial control Quarterly Member meetings with “open house”. Each 2. month: interoperability tests - www.zigbee.org

: read all about it. - www.radiocrafts.com

: Application Note AN003

Radiocrafts

Networking and interoperability

- Main benefits are mesh ad-hoc self forming networks & interoperability through defined profiles (agreement on a series of messages defining an application space)

Mesh Star Router (FFD, Mains powered, RX always on (-CT)) Coordinator (FFD, Mains powered, RX always on) End Device (RFD, Battery powered)

Radiocrafts

Cluster Tree

Basic Network Characteristics I

• Lots of devices • Infrequently used • Small data packets • Long battery Lifetime • Addressing: Each node unique 64 bit IEEE MAC address (same as for Ethernet) Upper 24 bit assigned by IEEE (buy UOI) Lower 40 bit: serial number (unlimited number of devices)

Radiocrafts

Basic Network Characteristics II

• 65,536 network (client) nodes (due to 16 bits PAN id) • Not for streaming 250kbps data; MAC data Frame: 127 Bytes No handling today of fragmentation (handling of packets routed differently in network, lost or arriving at random times) • Optimized for timing-critical applications – Network join time: 30 ms (typ) – Sleeping node changing to active: 15 ms (typ) (Versus 10-30 seconds for BT & WLAN)

Radiocrafts

802.15.4 vs ZigBee

IEEE802.15.4

: standard defining PHY and MAC.

PHY: 20kbps (868MHz), 40kbps (915MHz) and 250kbps (raw bit rate) 2.4GHz (2.40-2.4835 GHz). DSSS (robust against interferers), O-QPSK, 16 channels, 5MHz spacing, 3MHz Bandwidth MAC: Synchronizing to beacons, acknowledge and retransmissions of data packets, CRC, security/encryption.

Provides the higher layers (ZigBee) with a robust radio link

Radiocrafts

802.15.4 vs ZigBee (2)

ZigBee: The stack layers “creates the network” by:  starting a network, enabling multi-hops Application Layer  assigning addresses ZigBee Stack  making binding tables,  route packets IEEE Stack (MAC) PHY: 868/915MHz PHY: 2.4 GHz

Radiocrafts

Profiles

Today ONE profile is defined: • Lighting profile: Light switches, dimmers, occupancy sensors The following is planned (last meeting in the Alliance): • Industrial plant monitoring • Non-ducting HVAC • Building automation Expected profiles: • Serial port profile • Industrial Automation • AMR (Automatic Meter Reading)

Radiocrafts

Profiles (2)

There are three level of profiles: • Public Profile (like the lighting profile) • Published profile • Private profile (The SPPIO is pending) (A Private Profile is aspiring for Published when…it is published) In order to define a private profile, an unique profile ID “must” be issued by the ZigBee Alliance which requires Alliance Membership (USD 7000)

Radiocrafts

The ZigBee stack

A few providers of “a stack”: Figure 8 Wireless (for Chipcon MAC and Freescale MAC), Airbee, Microchip, Millennial net, Ember, Helicomm.

Several software houses provide a ZB-stack Before deciding on stack, find out “how compliant” the provider are Today, 64kB stack (FFD) incl. MAC (16kB). RFD possibly down to 32kB.

F8W acquired by Chipcon in January 2005

Radiocrafts

What types of ZigBee solutions are available?

Is it possible to buy a ZigBee “component”- no development effort?

- YES!! The newly introduced RC2200AT-SPPIO - OR: Develop your own application based on the license fee and stack from a provider, develop and embed in a modular platform like the RC2200/02/04 family

Radiocrafts

What does it cost to develop own ZigBee application?

IEEE producer address (24 bits): 1 600 USD Access to the F8Ws stack with unlimited support: By bying Chipcon CC2420ZDK Development Kit from Chipcon (incl. MAC and Z-Stack license): USD 5 000 Certification vs Compliance: “Z”-logo (and profile mark?) = Certification Cost: TBD Using ZigBee compliant platform w/o logo: Compliance Cost: TBD. Cheaper than Certification. By using Alliance IP-platform, compliance should be aimed for Next two years: NTS (US) and TÜV (Worldwide) have test monopole

Radiocrafts

Benefits and drawbacks

ZigBee benefits

cost effective : Mesh networks, interoperability, low latency, long battery life, high datarate, Drawbacks: Large software stack, few available profiles limits the easy usage and there will be design efforts and cost involved in getting the application compiled together with the stack if you want to embed your own application.

Proprietary solutions benefits

: Available modules with simple I/O (like RC family of standard modules), no development time (embedded protocol, UART interface), low latency, long battery life, high datarate (transparent modes), long range. Narrowband required in for instance alarm systems Drawbacks: Star networks only, multi-hop solutions (when needed) to be designed by repeaters, no defined way of co-operation together with other manufacturers

Radiocrafts

Radiocrafts SPPIO module Radiocrafts

Radiocrafts

Embedded Wireless Solutions ZigBee TM -ready module RC2200 - ZigBee-ready platform for Figure8 Wireless stack and Chipcon MAC or other stacks - Atmel ATmega128L controller and Chipcon CC2420 - In principle, any stack can be used - Conforms with European, US and Japanese RF requirements - Royalty fee for F8Ws stack is included in the module

Radiocrafts

Radiocrafts

Embedded Wireless Solutions - Available with 64kB and 32kB Flash (for optimized code and Reduced Functionality Devices), all same size and pin-out, 16.5 x 29.2 x 3.5 mm - 32 kHz real-time clock RTC, ultra low sleep modes , 36 I/O etc.

- 50 Ohm antenna interface, 2.7

–3.6V Supply Voltage, Current consumption 30 mA in RX, 27 mA in TX - Contact Radiocrafts AS, Norway, for further information www.radiocrafts.com

[email protected]

Radiocrafts

Radiocrafts

Embedded Wireless Solutions Modules optionally available with chip antenna or MMCX connector Measured range with chip antenna: 110m outdoor rural, 30 meter indoor corridor Demo Kit available, loaded with ZigBee light

Radiocrafts

switch demo or SPPIO