Transcript Document
5 th WORLD WATER FORUM WATER AND FOOD FOR ENDING POVERTY AND HUNGER SITUATION IN INDIA AND FUTURE APPROACH PRESENTATION BY CHAIRMAN, CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
Prologue
Food, water and life are are inter-related
Food production requires agriculture and irrigation
Poverty and hunger mitigation is the challenge of the millennium
Water is a vital input for the farmer engaged in agricultural production
The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) has set eradication of poverty as one of its important goals
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Some facts about India Geographical Area area) Cultivable Area %) 329 Million hectare (2.45% of world land 184 Mha (~ 56 Forest Cover 21% Ultimate irrigation Potential 139.9 Mha Population 1.027 billion (16% of world population)
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India’s Water Resources Annual average precipitation -
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Highly variable in space and time Minimum - 100 mm in Western Desert Maximum - 11000 mm in North Eastern Region 4000 BCM Rainfall during June to September 3000 BCM Average annual potential Utilisable Water Potential Surface water – 690 BCM Ground water – 433 BCM 1869 BCM 1123 BCM
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India –Present Status of Development
Live storage capacity increased from 15.6
BCM in 1950 to 225 BCM now. Another-
64 BCM under construction
108 BCM contemplated
Foodgrain production increased from 51 million tonnes in 1950 to 217 million tonnes in 2007 p.a.
Irrigation potential created by 2006 is 102.77 Mha against 22.6 Mha in 1951
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India –Present Status of Development
Share of agriculture in GDP declined from more than half in 1950 to less than 20% currently but largest employment and livelihood
Irrigated agriculture has contribution towards food production massive
Irrigation enables higher production from land specially with use of high yielding varieties, fertilizers and other inputs
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India –Present Status of Development
Agricultural production increase through: - expansion of cultivated areas,
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shift in cropping pattern, - enhanced productivity by irrigation
Irrigation development influences greatly incidence of poverty and alleviation
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India – Future scenario
The country’s population of 1027 million (2001 census) is expected to stabilize around 1600 million by 2050
To meet foodgrain demand reasonably, production of around 500 million tonnes per annum by 2050 is targeted (presently 217 MT)
Irrigation water demand around 810 BCM
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Approach of Indian Government
National Food Security Mission launched aimed at increasing cereal and pulses production
Additional investment adoption of best practices
Undertaking watershed programme in dryland areas necessary for management
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Approach of the Indian Government
National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) enacted by Government of India
aims for enhancement of livelihood security of rural households
to augment employment, strengthening of natural resource management to address chronic poverty and encourage sustainable development.
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Approach of the Indian Government
Works identified under NREGA:
Artificial Recharge of Ground Water
Repair, Renovation and Restoration of Water Bodies
Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme (AIBP)
Flood Management Programme
Farmer’s Programme Participatory Action
Command Management Area Development & Research Water
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Speedy Completion of Ongoing Projects
Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme launched in 1996-1997 to provide Central Assistance to major and medium irrigation projects for their early completion
Recently scheme of National Projects taken up to expedite completion of identified national projects
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National Perspective Plan
National Perspective Plan (NPP) for Water formulated Resources Development
Envisages inter-linkages between various for transfer of water from surplus river basins to water deficit basins for optimum utilization
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Development of Ground Water
Groundwater irrigating about 60% of irrigated area also important for agricultural production.
Concerns about groundwater are * over-exploitation in some areas * under-utilization in large parts of country
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Development of Ground Water
In India, ownership of groundwater with owner of land resulting in overexploitation in certain regions.
Priority given to exploit groundwater where abundantly available
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Development of Rainfed Area
Rainfed areas home to majority of rural poor and marginal farmers. They require technological, institutional, infrastructural, and investment support
Challenge through to improve rural participatory livelihoods watershed development projects to productivity in a sustainable manner.
increase
Government constituted National Rainfed Area Authority (NRAA) to provide sustainable development.
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Water Management
Bridging gap between potential created and being utilised
Optimise agricultural production and productivity through efficient land and water management, Command Area Development a programme for which started in 1975.
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Water Management
Better O&M of existing facilities and efforts for Extension, Renovation & Modernisation
Water saving technologies such as drip / sprinklers systems being encouraged in larger .
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Participatory Approach
National Water Policy formulated which emphasizes participatory approach involving all stakeholders
Number of Water Users Associations established Departments technology by State for Irrigation transferring
Appropriate role for women
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Water Quality Issues
Preservation of water important as availability of fresh water affected due to pollution quality very
Government Water Policy emphasizes treatment of effluents to acceptable level before discharging to the natural streams.
Water quality monitoring is carried out by the Central and State Pollution Control Organisations through nationwide network of water quality monitoring stations.
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Climate Change
National Action Plan for Climate Change set up by Government under Prıme Mınıster ıncludes Water Mission
National Water conservation wastage and of Mission water, ensuring aıms at minimizing equitable distribution through integrated water resources management
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Climate Change
Goals identified under National Water Mission:
Comprehensive water database in public domain
Reliable assessment of impact of climate change on water resources
Promotion of citizen and state action for water conservation and augmentation
Focused attention for over-exploited areas
Increasing water use efficiency by 20%
Promotion of basin level integrated water resources management
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Epilogue
Poverty enhanced alleviation food biggest challenge.
through production is
Sustained agriculture dependant on proper planning, development and management of water.
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Epilogue
Government of India adopted wide range of policies, programmes and strategies to ensure future food requirements being met without compromising sustainability of resources.
Importance to environmental social and economic issues so that benefits can be maximized and negative impacts kept to minimum.
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