Study Guide Answers

Chapter 6- American Revolution

Patriot

• Colonist who supports the fight for independence.

Loyalist

• • Colonists who continue to support the British.

They felt taxation and representation were not enough reasons to stand up to the mother country.

Neutral

• Colonists who did not choose sides. They neither supported the British nor the Patriots.

Mercenaries

• Groups of soldiers hired to fight for pay.

Guerilla War

• A hit-and-run war technique used primarily in the South by militia groups.

• Francis Marion was a famous guerilla leader.

Privateers

• Armed merchant ships

Tory

• Name given to loyalists, those who supported the British.

Inflation

• • Printing of money with little gold and silver to back it up.

The money becomes worthless.

French nobleman who became Washington’s trusted aide • Marquis de Lafayette

Mercenaries hired by the British to fight the Continental Army • Hessians

Leader of the British forces who surrendered at Yorktown • Charles Cornwallis

Drilled Patriots are Valley Forge • Friedrich von Steuben

Guerilla Leader • Francis Marion

A plan of action

• Strategy

Governor of the Spanish territory of Louisiana and American ally • Bernado de Galvez

1. Long Island

• • • • •

Battle of:

Long Island Date : August of 1776 Place: New York Who: 20,000 British and 10,000 American Continental Army soldiers Winner: The British drove the Americans from Brooklyn and forced them to evacuate New York.

2. Trenton

• • • • • Battle: Trenton Date: 25th December 1776 Place: Trenton, New Jersey on the Delaware River Who: 2,400 Americans against 1,200 Hessians and British troops Winner: The battle was a resounding physical and moral victory for Washington and his American troops.

3. Philadelphia (Brandywine)

• • • • • Battle: Philadelphia Brandywine Creek Date: 11th September 1777 Place: Pennsylvania, west of Philadelphia Who: 6,000 British and Hessian troops against 8,000 American soldiers.

Winner: The British and Hessians were left occupying the field having driven the Americans from their position on Brandywine Creek.

4. Saratoga

• • • • • Battle: SARATOGA Date: 17th October 1777 Place: Saratoga on the Hudson River in New York State.

Who: 5,000 British and German troops against the 12,000 Americans.

Winner: The Americans forced the surrender of British forces.

5. Yorktown

• • • • • Battle: YORKTOWN Date: October 1781 Place: Virginia, United States of America Who: About 16,000 Americans and French against 8,000 British Winner: Surrounded by American forces, Cornwallis surrenders to George Washington.

1. America declared independence from on July , • • Great Britain 4 th , 1776

2. _______________________ were German mercenaries that fought for the British.

• Hessians

3. The Hessians’ main goal for winning the war was .

• Money

4. During the winter of 1777, many of Washington’s soldiers _________________, or left the army at Valley Forge.

• deserted

5. _____________________________________ led the soldiers that captured the British town of Vincennes in 1779.

• George Rogers Clark

6. The battle of was a turning point in the war. It showed other nations we might win the war.

• Saratoga

7.

help America by supplying troops and supplies.

And • • France Spain

8. John Adams convinced banking houses to lend us $12 million to support the war.

• Dutch (the Netherlands)

9. The Treaty of Paris was ___________________, or approved, in 1783.

• ratified

Treaty of Paris: British terms

• In the Treaty of Paris, the British promised to withdraw all troops from America.

• They also allowed Americans to fish off the coast of Canada.

Treaty of Paris: American terms • • In the Treaty of Paris, the Americans allowed British merchants to collect their debts owed by Americans.

They also gave Loyalists the properties back they had lost during the war.