Transcript Fighting for Independence

Fighting for Independence
Chapter 9 Lesson 2
Pages 346-352
Compare Armies
• Americans
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No uniforms
No training
Limited food
Many no weapons
Most are farmers
– Articles of Confederation
created a problem with
congress getting supplies
• British
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Mercenaries (Hessians)
Uniforms
Weapons
More soldiers
Trained soldiers
– Problems: wait for
supplies; Replacement
soldiers; Not knowing the
layout of the land
Early Battles in the North
• Battle of Long Island – spring 1776;
Americans suffer great loss
• Washington & troops go down to NJ then
PA
• Gen. Howe (British) stays in NY
Surprise Attack
• Dec. 1776
• Washington in PA
• Plans a surprise attack on the Hessians in
Trenton, NJ
• Christmas night 1776 – Washington
crosses the Delaware River and attacks
the Hessians
• The Hessians surrendered
An Important Victory
• 1777 – New British Campaign (a series of
military actions carried out for a certain goal)
• Goal: To separate New England colonies form
the other colonies by controlling NY
• Troops from Canada led by John Burgoyne was
going to meet troops in Albany, NY
• Didn’t work because the troops from Canada got
stopped by battles
Battle of Saratoga
• American troops surround Burgoyne’s
troops in Saratoga, NY
• 2 battles over 3 weeks
• American General, Benedict Arnold led a
daring attack (2nd battle)
• Oct. 17, Burgoyne (British) surrenders
• The Battle of Saratoga = Turning Point
Valley Forge
• Fall 1777 – British take of Philadelphia
• Americans move to Valley Forge, PA
• Harsh winter: no $; clothing torn/burned;
some no shoes
Help arrives
• Lafayette – France – comes to help
Washington & troops
• Uses his own $$ to buy clothes
• Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben – arrives
from Germany
– Teaches the Americans how to fight
Help from France
• Benjamin Franklin in France negotiating
• Negotiate – to try to reach an agreement
among different people
• Provided “secret” help because they
thought the British would win
• Battle of Saratoga – America wins –
France helps openly
More help
• Spanish – Bernardo de Galvez, Spanish
governor of Louisiana: Gave guns, food,
money & Jorge Farragut, came from Spain
to fight with Americans
• Netherlands – gives congress money
• Russia – try to prevent Britain from
blockading trade