Transcript Chapter 4 - The World Turns Upside Down Part

– Key People
& Key Battles
Chapter 4 “A World
Turned
Upside Down”
To Late to Apologize: A Declaration
You Tube Video Clip
Benjamin Franklin 1706 - 1790
 American Renaissance
Man, Elderly by this time.
 Scientist, printer,
ambassador to France,
inventor, writer, statesman.
 Very respected, very
involved in politics.
Major contributor to
Declaration of Independence
and writer of Constitution.
Thomas Jefferson 1743 - 1826
 Wealthy plantation owner
Virginia, Monticello
 Spoke 5 languages, brilliant
mind in all subjects.
 Main writer of Decl. of Ind.
and Constitution.
 Governor of Virginia, later
3rd. US President.
 Founded University of VA
Samuel Adams 1722 - 1803
 Leader of Sons of
Liberty, from Boston.
 Very Vocal
opponent of British
Taxes and Rule.
 Very involved in
Politics, brewing
beer was a very
minor role.
John Hancock 1737 - 1793
 Merchant (smuggler)
and Politician from
Massachusetts.
 One of Wealth men in
13 colonies.
 Famous Signature on
Decl. of Ind. (large).
Declaration of Independence
 Based on ideas of
Enlightenment.
 John Locke philosophy
(natural rights / Life,
liberty, property).
 Pushed by John Adams,
mainly written by Thomas
Jefferson.
 Ratified July 4, 1776
Some Key Battles of the War
Most of the fighting was done in the
summer months. Winter – too rainy,
roads are too muddy to move troops
and supplies. Sickness is rampant
in both armies during cold months.
The Battle of Bunker Hill
June 16,1775
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Fought outside
Boston. It is a
fortified area on
Breed’s Hill filled
with several
thousand colonists.
The battle shows
that the colonists
will fight and that the
British are beatable! Famous quote, “Don’t fire till you see
The whites of their eyes!”
A personal view of the American
Revolution
“The ball first cut off the head of Smith,
a stout heavy man, and dashed it
open, then took Taylor across the
bowels; it then struck Sergeant Garret
of our company on the hip, took off the
point of the hip bone . Oh, What a sight
it was to see within a distance of six
rods those men with their legs and
arms and guns and packs all in a
heap!”
Connecticut Soldier, 1777
The Battle of Saratoga, AugustOctober 1777
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Large British army is bogged down with luggage in
dense woods of Northern New York colony
The British are harassed by colonial guerilla forces and
end up stretching their supply lines through forest.
Very slow progress with all their wagons in woods.
The British will eventually surrender (6000 men, 27
cannon, 5000 arms) to the Colonial forces led by
General Horatio Gates
Saratoga is important because it is a major defeat for
the British and shows the French that the colonies may
be able to win the war.
This battle is highlighted in America “The Story of US,
Episode 2 – Revolution.”
Winter at
Valley Forge
 Forced to stay close to
keep British in Philadelphia
area, Washington is forced to spend winter of
1777 – 1778 at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania.
 11,000 troops with little to no supplies or shelter.
 Small Pox breaks out, Washington makes a
controversial move to try and inoculate troops.
 Bring in Prussian commander to train troops,
helped become professional army…
Washington Crosses the Delaware
 Having retreated for the past six months,
Washington needed a victory to keep his men.
 He crossed the frozen Delaware River
Christmas night to surprise the British that held
Trenton, New Jersey. Defeated the Hessians
who held the position.
 Very gutsy move, captured 1000 Hessians with
only 4 colonial deaths, but had to withdraw.
 Boosted moral of colonial forces.
Washington Crosses the Delaware
Gen. John Burgoyne: Surrender to Gates, 1777
A personal view of the American
Revolution
“ The men that was wounded in the
thigh or leg, they dashed out their
brains with their muskets and run
them through with their bayonets,
made them like sieves. This was
barbarity to the utmost.”
Sergeant New Jersey
Regiment, 1778
The Battle of Saratoga,
August- October 1777
Saratoga is
considered the
turning point of the
war. The French will
begin to supply
arms, men and their
navy to help the
colonies.
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The Battle of Yorktown,
October 1781
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The Americans and the French will corner the
British on a small peninsula and bombard
them with cannon fire.
Video Clip – America’s
Final Victory 1781
The British will surrender
and end the American Revolution.
The colonists will win
the American Revolution
with this victory.
The Battle of Yorktown, October 1781
Several
key
battles
were
fought in
the
Carolinas
The Treaty of Paris, 1783
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THE WAR ENDS WITH THESE CONDITIONS
“free, sovereign and independent states”
British must remove all troops from forts
Boundary for United States is the Mississippi
Loyalist would have rights and property protected
captured slaves must be returned to owners