Transcript ch6s4

How important do you think planning
is to the successful outcome of a
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Chapter 6 The American
Revolution (1776-1783)
Section 4 The War Is Won
How did the Battle of Yorktown lead
to American independence?
The French Arrive
• July 1780- French warships
appeared off the coast of Newport,
Rhode Island
• Carrying needed aid: soldiers
commanded by Comte de
Rochambeau
• The British soon arrived and trapped
the French troops
• Autumn 1780- Washington waited for
a second fleet of French ships
• Washington also kept an eye on the
British army in New York that
General Clinton commanded
• Washington planned to attack the
British when the second French fleet
arrived
• The French fleet did not set sail until
summer of 1781
Washington’s Plans
• Washington heard that
Cornwallis was camped at
Yorktown, Virginia
• Lafayette kept them on the
Yorktown peninsula
• Washington also learned that
Admiral Francois de Grasse,
the French naval commander,
was heading toward
Chesapeake Bay instead of
New York
• Washington changed his
plans and headed south to
Yorktown
• Washington kept his new
strategy (plan of action)
secret
Washington’s Secret Plan
• Washington wanted Clinton to
think the Patriots still planned
to attack the British in New
York
• This would keep Clinton from
sending aid to Cornwallis
• Rochambeau joined with
Washington in July and the
two armies moved south
• The soldiers did not know
where they were heading
• Troops marched 200 miles in
15 days
• General Clinton didn’t detect
the forces leaving
• Three groups (Wahington’s,
Rochambeau’s, and de
Grasse’s) would meet at
Yorktown
The Siege of Yorktown
• The plan worked
perfectly
• The British were
confused
• End of September
1781- 14,000 American
and French troops
trapped Cornwallis’
8,000 British and
Hessian troops at
Yorktown
• De Grasse’s fleet kept
the Cornwallis from
escaping by sea
• Clinton’s and the rest of
the British army was still
in New York
Battle of Yorktown
• October 9- Americans
and French began a
bombardment
• A Hessian soldier said
“One saw men lying
everywhere… whose
heads, arms, and legs
had been shot off”
• British supplies began to
run low
• British soldiers were
wounded and sick
• Cornwallis realized that
the situation was
hopeless
• October 19- Cornwallis
surrendered his troops to
the Patriots at the Battle
of Yorktown
• Patriots took 8,000 British
prisoners and more than
200 guns
After Yorktown
• Fighting did not end
• The British still held
Savannah, Charles Town,
and New York
• A few more battles took
place, but the victory at
Yorktown convinced the
British that the war was too
costly to pursue (continue)
• Both sides sent delegates
to Paris to work out a
treaty
• The United States were
represented by Benjamin
Franklin, John Adams,
and John Jay
• The American congress
ratified (approved) the
preliminary treaty in April
1783 and the final version
of the Treaty of Paris on
September 3, 1783
The Treaty of Paris
• Triumph for the Americans
• Great Britain recognize the
US as an independent nation
• The British agreed to
withdraw all their troops
• The US also got fishing rights
of the coast of Canada
• The US agreed that the British
merchants could collect debts
that Americans owed them
• Loyalist property was also to
be returned
Which of the following is NOT a provision
of the Treaty of Paris?
A. The Loyalists would have a
year to move to British territory.
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D. British merchants could collect
debts the Americans owed them.
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C. Americans could fish in the
waters off the coast of Canada.
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D. D
A
B. Britain would withdraw its troops
from American territory.
The Newburgh Conspiracy
• Washington’s army was
headquartered in Newburgh, New
York
• The Congress refused to fund the
soldiers’ pensions and failed to
provide them with other pay
• The army got mad and said they
would use force against the
Congress
• Washington knew this was
dangerous and he persuaded the
angry soldiers to be patient
• Washington urged Congress to
meet their demands
• Congress responded to Washington
and met the demands
Washington Resigns
• November 1783- British
troops left New York
• December 4, Washington
said farewell to his troops
• Washington formally
resigned three weeks later
• “Having now finished the
work assigned me I retire…
and take my leave of all the
employments of public life”
• Washington returned home
to Mount Vernon, Virginia in
time for Christmas
• He planned to remain and
live quietly with his family
Why the Americans Won
• They were fighting on their
own land
• The British had to send
troops from thousands of
miles away
• The British depended on
the sea and once the
French blocked their ships
they were helpless
• Americans knew the local
terrain and where to lay an
ambush (Surprise attack)
• The British had trouble
controlling the American
countryside once they
occupied the cities
More of Why the Americans Won
• Help from other
nations
• The French and
Spanish helped the
American cause
• The American
Revolution was a
peoples movement
• It depended on the
determination and
spirit of all Patriots
Influence of the American Revolution
• The ideas of the
Declaration of
Independence
influenced other
revolutions
• The French Revolution
• The French Colony of
Saint Domingue
• The principles that
“Men are born and
remain free and equal
in rights” guided these
revolutions
How did the Battle of Yorktown lead
to American independence?
- The British losses at Yorktown
convinced Britain that the war was too
costly to pursue.
Chapter 6 Section 4 Quiz
Due to George Washington's strategy,
Charles Cornwallis was defeated at the
A. Battle of Boston.
B. Battle of
Yorktown.
C. Battle of New
York.
D. Battle of
Chesapeake.
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What Patriot victory convinced the British
that the war was too difficult and costly to
pursue?
A. Battle of
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Chesapeake
B. Battle of New York
C. Battle of Yorktown
D. Battle of Boston
The British recognized the United
States as an independent nation in the
A. Treaty of Paris.
B. Treaty of the
United States.
C. Treaty of Great
Britain.
D. Treaty of America.
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Which foreign troops helped
defeat Charles Cornwallis?
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The British were attacked in the Mississippi
Valley and along the Gulf of Mexico by
forces from
A. France.
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B. Africa.
C. Germany.
D. Spain.
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